Final review Flashcards
Signs of compensated shock include:
tachycardia, tachypnea, restlessness, pallor, and cool, clammy skin
___ is indicative of decompensated shock in a patient with internal bleeding
hypotension
Reduced tidal volume would most likely be the result of respirations that are ___
shallow
Appropriate treatment for a patient with partial thickness burns over 50% of the body would include:
covering the burns with dry sterile dressings and preventing further loss of body heat
Following the initial steps of resuscitation, a newborn remains apneic and cyanotic. You should:
begin ventilation with a BVM device
___ indicates a lower airway obstruction
wheezing
EMTs in most states are required to report which of the following:
Animal bite, Vehicle crash, injury to a minor, drug overdose
Animal bite
Sudden cardiac arrest in the adult population is MOST often the result of:
cardiac dysrhythmia
Sudden onset tachycardia in a patient who has just been administered nitro is most likely the result of
drop in BP
A pediatric patient with hot, flushed skin experiencing multiple seizures over the course of 20 or more minutes with no postictal state and no regaining of consciousness between seizures is most likely experiencing
status epilepticus
A near-drowning is MOST accurately defined as:
survival for at least 24 hours following submersion in water.
Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient with difficulty breathing, you should:
profile the reservoir bag to ensure 100% oxygen delivery
The priority in a patient with a lateral jugular laceration, but whose breathing is adequate and airway is patent should be:
keep air out of the wound and control bleeding
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient with chest pressure has an underlying cardiac problem if his or her pulse is:
irregular
When the incident command system is activated at the scene, you should expect to:
report back to your section officer in between assignments
This type of patient may present with vague, unusual, or atypical symptoms of AMI:
elderly women with diabetes
Compensated shock in the infant or child is characterized by:
poor peripheral perfusion (slow capillary refill time)
Appropriate technique for performing 2-rescuer CPR on a child or infant includes:
15 compression to 2 ventilation, compressing the sternum with the heel of your hand, and ventilating until visible chest rise occurs
A ___ should not be placed in a plastic biohazard bag because it is actually sharp:
plastic IV catheter
Any patient who’s chest pain is not relieved with NTG should be assumed to be experiencing:
cardiac ischemia (MI)
The AED analyzes your pulseless and apneic patient’s cardiac rhythm and advises that a shock is NOT indicated. You should:
resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions
During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt facial trauma, you note the presence of a hyphema. This indicates:
direct trauma to the eyeball
Melena, tachycardia, and hematemesis are all signs of :
GI bleeding
Signs/Symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever include:
nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, paralysis, and possibly cardiopulmonary failure
The quickest way to reduce cardiac ischemia in a patient experiencing an acute coronary syndrome is to:
sit or lay the patient down
Pulseless electrical activity is described as:
any organized cardiac rhythm, fast or slow, that doesn’t produce a palpable pulse
A 3 year old child experiencing respiratory distress who does not acknowledge your presence is likely experiencing:
severe hypoxia
Immediately after receiving an order from medical control you should:
repeat the order back to medical control word for word
sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil are all examples of:
erectile dysfunction medications
Positive pressure ventilation are indicated in a newborn if:
he is apneic or has gasping respirations, HR is less than 100bpm, or central cyanosis persists despite blow-by oxygen
The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle is to:
form a general impression of the child without touching him
While assisting a paramedic in starting an IV on a patient, you are inadvertently stuck by the contaminated needle while attempting to place it in the sharps container. You should:
eek medical care as soon as possible
As you begin ventilating an unresponsive apneic man, you hear gurgling in his upper airway. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
quickly turn the patient onto his side so secretions can drain.
Following delivery of a newborn and placenta, you note that the mother has moderate vaginal bleeding. The mother is conscious and alert and her vital signs are stable. Treatment for her should include:
administering oxygen and massaging the uterus.
Aspirin is beneficial to patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome because it
prevents a clot from getting larger.
Which ventilation technique will enable you to provide the greatest tidal volume AND allow you to effectively assess lung compliance?
one-rescuer mouth-to-mask ventilation
You are dispatched to a residence for a 20-year-old male with respiratory distress. When you arrive, you find that the patient has a tracheostomy tube and is ventilator dependent. His mother tells you that he was doing fine, but then suddenly began experiencing breathing difficulty. You should:
remove him from the mechanical ventilator and ventilate him manualy
A patient has severe facial injuries, inadequate breathing, and copious secretions coming from the mouth. How should this situation be managed?
Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes
Law enforcement is on scene at a bar and informs you that your patient is the young male, who is sitting against the wall screaming in pain with bright red blood spurting from a gunshot wound near his groin. You should:
apply pressure to the wound.
Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating body temperature?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following injury mechanisms is associated with hangings? Hyperextenision Distraction Axial loading Subluxation
Distraction
Routes of disease transmission include:
Direct/indirect contact, airborne, food borne, vector borne
Regular respiratory rate for infants:
25-50 breathes/min
Regular respiratory rate for children:
15-30 breathes/min
The inadequate attempts at breathing in a patient in cardiac arrest Is called:
agonal gasps
An apneic patient being ventilated with a BVM should receive ___ to maintain the airway.
an oral airway adjunct
After arriving on scene where a 55 yo Pt collapsed, two-bystander CPR is in progress, your first action should be:
stop CPR and assess breathing & pulse
Agonal respirations are not adequate because they are:
infrequent, gasping respiratory efforts
During delivery of a baby’s head, you note a nucal chord, you should:
make one attempt to gently remove the chord from around the neck
Damaged small blood vessels beneath the skin following blunt trauma causes:
ecchymosis (hematoma occurs from rupture of larger vessels
Cyanosis to the periphery of the body is called:
acrocyanosis (cyanosis of the extremities)
The most appropriate time to complete the PCR for a critically ill or injured Pt is:
as soon as all Pt care activities are completed
When assessing a sexual assault victim, it is most important to:
ensure all life-threatening injuries are treated
When caring for a critically injured Pt, it is most appropriate to perform the secondary assessment:
while en route to the hospital
The most appropriate question to ask a pregnant woman in labor with contractions at 4-5 minutes:30 seconds would be:
how many weeks gestation are you
Pulse & Respiratory rates for neonates
90-180/30-60
Pulse & Respiratory rates for infants
100-160/25-50
Pulse & Respiratory rates for toddlers
90-150/20-30
Pulse & Respiratory rates for preschool age children
80-140/20-25
Pulse & Respiratory rates for school age children
70-120/15-20
Pulse & Respiratory rates for adolescents
60-100/12-20
Pulse & Respiratory rates for adults (all ages)
60-100/12-20
Angina occurs when the hearts need for oxygen ___
exceeds it’s supply
When blood flow is restricted to an area of the heart for an extended time, the resulting cell death is called:
myocardial infarction
In ___ the problem is that the heart lacks enough power to force the proper blood volume through the circulatory system
Cardiogenic shock
___ occurs when the left ventricle of the heart is so damaged it cannot keep up with the return flow of blood from the atria.
CHF
The most comfortable way for CHF patients to be transported is ___
sitting up with the legs down
When arriving to the scene of a trench rescue, park the ambulance at least ___ from the scene
500 ft
You should not attempt to actively rewarm a patient with moderate or severe hypothermia in the field because:
rewarming too quickly can cause a fatal cardiac dysrhythmia.
A mass casualty incident is defined as an incident:
that overwhelms your resources, regardless of the number of patients
The position of comfort for a patient with nontraumatic chest pain MOST commonly is:
semisitting
In right sided heart failure, blood collects in the ___ causing ___
body; edema & JVD
Left heart failure typically causes blood to pool in the ___ causing ___
lungs; dyspnea/pulmonary edema
After moving a hypothermic patient to a warmer area, your primary focus should be to:
prevent further body heat loss
After assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, you would NOT expect him or her to experience a:
syncopal episode
NTG (nitroglycerin) works by:
dilating the coronary arteries, this increasing the oxygen supply to the heart and relieving a cardiac patient’s chest pain
Vertex presentation during childbirth refers to:
delivery of the head first (normal presentation)
Breech presentation is commonly associated with a higher incidence of:
prolapse of the umbilical cord
When treating a patient with chest pain, pressure, or discomfort, you should first:
place the patient in a position of comfort
A minimum of ___ people should be utilized to safely restrain a patient who is a potential harm to himself or others
4
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway obstruction when he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground and placing him in a supine position, you should:
begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
___ is the MOST reliable indicator of a fracture to a spinal vertebra.
Palpable pain at the site of injury
When providing care to multiple patients at the scene of a mass-casualty incident, your goal should remain focused on:
transporting patients to the hospital
The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to a vesicant agent is:
blistering
Vesicant (blistering) agents include:
sulfur mustard (H), Lewisite (L), and phosgene oxide (CX)
Medications such as albuterol (Ventolin) relieve respiratory distress by:
relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles
