Chapter 9 Airway Management Flashcards
Carbon dioxide and oxygen gases are exchanged between the blood Vessels and alveoli through a processed ___
Diffusion
The upper airway consists of these 6 structures:
Nasopharynx Nasal air passages Pharynx Oropharynx Mouth Epiglottis Larynx
The lower airway is made up of these 3 structures:
Trachea, bronchioles, main bronchi
The trachea splits at the ___
Carina
The carina branches into the ___
Mainstem bronchi
The trachea branches into these structures, in order:
Mainstem bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
The space between the lungs is called the ___
Mediastinum
The mediastinum contains these structures:
Heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, and nerves
The nervous control of breathing is accomplished by the ___ nerve
Phrenic
The physical act of moving aid into and out of the lungs:
Ventilation
The process of loading oxygen molecules onto the hemoglobin:
Oxygenation
The actual exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli:
Respiration
The lung volume remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration:
Residual volume
Volume that moves in and out of the lungs during normal ventilation:
Tidal volume
___ refers to the max amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs
Vital capacity
Failure to meet the body’s needs for oxygen may result in:
Hypoxia
The backup drive for patients with COPD that controls breathing is called the ___
Hypoxia drive
The drive to breathe in most people is based on the ___ in the cerebrospinal fluid
pH or CO2 level
___ is the medical term for shortness of breath
Dyspnea
Anaerobic metabolism results in the bi-product ___
Lactic acid
The biproduct of aerobic metabolism is:
CO2
An increase in blood levels of CO2 is referred to as ___
Hypercarbia
___ occur when the skin around ribs or above clavicles is pulled in during inspiration
Retractions
___ is the lack of spontaneous breathing
Apnea
___ is the measure of the percentage of hemoglobin molecules bound in arterial blood
SaO2
This airway management technique should be used in patients suspected of suffering spinal injury:
Jaw thrust maneuver
The ___ is used to help maintain a clear airway in an unconscious patient who is uninsured and breathing normally on his own
Recovery position
Never withhold ___ from a patient who may benefit from it
Oxygen
___ is the preferred way of administering oxygen to a patient in the prehospital setting
Nonrebreathing mask
The flow rate for a nonrebreathing mask should be:
15L/min
The flow rate for a nasal cannula is:
1 to 6 L/min
Nasal cannulas can deliver what percentage of oxygen?
24%-44%
Ventilation rate for an adult:
1 breath every 5-6 seconds
Ventilation rate for children and infants:
1 breath every 3-5 seconds
Adults requiring assisted ventilation should receive ___ breaths/minute
10-12
Children and infants requiring assisted ventilation should receive ___ breaths/minute
12-20
A high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration is called ___
Stridor
The whistling sounds heard during respiration is called ___
Wheezing
Stridor is an indicator of ___
Mild upper airway obstruction
Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern:
Ataxic respirations
___ is the ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn into the lungs
Compliance
Shortness of breath:
Dyspnea
