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GenChem > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

The amount of space that a substance takes up is called

A

Volume

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2
Q

The amount of matter contained in a substance is measured by

A

Mass

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3
Q

The amount of mass in a given volume is called

A

Density

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4
Q

The units used to measure mass are

A

grams and kilograms

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5
Q

The units used to measure volume are

A

milliliters, liters, centimeters cubed, and meters cubed

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6
Q

The unit used to measure density is

A

grams per milliliter or g/mL

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7
Q

Length is measured in

A

meters

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8
Q

Mass is measured by a tool known as a

A

balance

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9
Q

Volume is measured by multiplying

A

length x width x height

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10
Q

Volume can be measured in a container known as a

A

graduated cylinder

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11
Q

When reading a liquid in a graduated cylinder, read to the bottom of the

A

meniscus, or the concave surface on the top of the liquid.

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12
Q

The volume of an irregularly shaped item can be measured in a graduated cylinder by a techniques known as

A

water displacement

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13
Q

The density of a 10 gram pebble which has a volume of 2 mL is

A

5 g/mL

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14
Q

If the density of a rock is 4 g/mL and the rock has a volume of 100 mL, the mass is

A

400 g

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15
Q

If the density of a rock is 6 g/mL and the mass of the rock is 240 grams, what is the volume?

A

40 mL

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16
Q

If two fluids are placed in a container and the density of fluid A is 0.8 and the density of fluid B is 1.4, how will the fluids arrange themselves in the container?

A

Fluid A will be on top and fluid B will be on bottom.

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17
Q

What phase is a substance in if the particles are locked into a crystalline structure?

A

Solid

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18
Q

What phase is a substance in if the particles are close and they slip and slide past one another?

A

Liquid

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19
Q

What phase is a substance in if the particles are far apart?

A

Gas or Vapor

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20
Q

If a container contains only one kind of particle then is it a mixture or pure substance?

A

Pure Substance

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21
Q

If a container holds only water molecules, is it holding an element or a compound?

A

It holds a compound because each water molecule consists of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

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22
Q

Would a chocolate chip cookie be an example of a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?

A

Heterogeneous because the substances are not evenly mixed.

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23
Q

If a container holds pure oxygen, or O2, which is an oxygen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, does it hold an element or a compound?

A

An element because there are only oxygen atoms on the container.

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24
Q

What is it called when a liquid changes into a gas?

A

Vaporization

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25
Q

When a gas changes into a liquid, it is called

A

Condensation

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26
Q

The change from a gas to a solid is called

A

Deposition

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27
Q

When a solid changes into a liquid, it is called

A

Melting or Fusion

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28
Q

When a liquid changes into a solid, it is called

A

freezing or solidification.

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29
Q

The change from a solid to a gas is called

A

sublimation

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30
Q

The temperature at which a substance melts is called

A

the melting point or freezing point

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31
Q

The temperature at which a substance boils is called

A

The boiling point or condensation point.

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32
Q

When the temperature of a substance is rising, is the kinetic energy or the potential energy changing?

A

Kinetic energy.

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33
Q

When the phase of a substance is changing, is the kinetic or potential energy changing?

A

Potential energy.

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34
Q

When heat is added at the boiling point of a substance, what is the heat being used to do?

A

Change the phase from liquid to gas

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35
Q

When a substance is changing from liquid to solid, is energy being taken in or given off?

A

Energy is being given off.

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36
Q

The arrangement of the periodic table is by atomic mass or atomic number?

A

Atomic number which is the number of protons in an element.

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37
Q

How do you find the number of protons in an atom?

A

It is the same as the atomic number

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38
Q

An atom has 7 protons. What element is it?

A

Nitrogen

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39
Q

If the atomic number of an element is 3, how many protons does it have in the nucleus of its atoms?

A

Three

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40
Q

How do you determine the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.

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41
Q

In a neutral atom, the number of positive charges equals the negative charges, so the number of protons ____ the number of electrons.

A

Equals

42
Q

If an atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what is the atomic mass?

A

23

43
Q

If an atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what element is it?

A

Sodium or Na

44
Q

What is the charge on a neutron

A

0

45
Q

A proton has a charge of

A

+1

46
Q

An electron has a charge of

A

-1

47
Q

Which kind of sub particle - protons, neutrons, or electrons - have no mass

A

Electrons

48
Q

In the Bohr model of the atom, the rings represent

A

energy levels which the electrons are in

49
Q

In an atom, what resides in the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

50
Q

Where are the electrons in an atom?

A

In orbitals or energy levels outside the nucleus

51
Q

Most of the volume of an atom is made up of

A

empty space

52
Q

What is the valence shell in an atom

A

The outermost shell which contains electrons

53
Q

How many electrons can the first ring or energy level hold?

A

2

54
Q

How many electrons can the 2nd ring or energy level hold?

A

8

55
Q

What is the driving force of chemical reactions?

A

To achieve a full (or empty) valence shell

56
Q

Sodium is in group 1 on the periodic table. How many valence electrons does it have?

A

1

57
Q

Chlorine is in group 17 on the periodic table. How many valence electrons does it have?

A

7

58
Q

Group 18 elements tend not to react. Why?

A

Each of them has a full valence shell.

59
Q

An atom of oxygen has 6 valence electrons. What will oxygen do when it reacts?

A

Gain or share 2 electrons

60
Q

A substance which loses electrons when it reacts is most likely a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?

A

Metal

61
Q

What are the 6 metalloids?

A

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te

62
Q

Where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table?

A

On the right, except for hydrogen

63
Q

When an atom becomes an ion, what happens to its valence shell?

A

It becomes full (or empty).

64
Q

Each horizontal row of the periodic table is called a

A

period and it represents an energy level or ring

65
Q

Each vertical column of the periodic table is called a

A

group and it shows the number of valence electrons

66
Q

Metallic character is defined as

A

the ability to lose electrons

67
Q

The rate at which electrons or electricity travel through a substance is called

A

Electrical conductivity

68
Q

Galvanization is a process which protects metals by

A

coating them with zinc.

69
Q

Tempering is a series of heating and coolings, including both quenching and annealing, which causes what to happen to metal?

A

It to become both harder and more workable.

70
Q

Discovered in ancient times, the process of ____ reduces metals from their ores.

A

Smelting

71
Q

An alloy is a mixture of

A

a metal and some other element which makes the metals better for commercial use.

72
Q

Thermal conductivity is

A

the ability of a material to transfer heat through it.

73
Q

A partial row of atoms in a metal crystal, the movement of which allows bending of the metal, is called a

A

dislocation

74
Q

When dislocations knot together and become immovable, the metal in that spot becomes

A

hard and brittle.

75
Q

Group 17 of the periodic table is a group which contains Chlorine and Fluorine. This group is called the

A

halogens

76
Q

Group 1 on the periodic table contains the most active metals. This group is called the

A

alkali metals.

77
Q

If the left side of an equation contains 2 hydrogens, how many should there be on the right?

A

2

78
Q

Are the products in a reaction located to the left or the right of the arrow?

A

Right

79
Q

What part of a chemical reaction means “yields?”

A

The arrow

80
Q

If heat is located on the left side of the arrow, is this reaction taking in energy or giving off energy?

A

Taking in energy

81
Q

A reaction which gives off energy is called

A

Exothermic

82
Q

A molecule of water, H2O contains, how many total atoms, and what are they?

A

Three total atoms, two of hydrogen and one of oxygen

83
Q

A reaction in which a complex substance is made from simpler substances is called a ___ reaction

A

synthesis

84
Q

A reaction in which a complex substance is broken down into simpler substances is known as a

A

decomposition reaction

85
Q

In a combustion reaction, fuel and oxygen are burned to make ____ and ____.

A

Carbon dioxide and water

86
Q

What kinds of substance can serve as fuel in a combustion reaction?

A

methane, propane, butane, gasoline, sugar, paper, etc.

87
Q

What is the proper way to write a chemical symbol?

A

Upper case first letter, and if there is a second letter - it is lower case.

88
Q

Compare the electrical conductivity of metals, metalloids and nonmetals.

A

Metals are good conductors.
Metalloids are semiconductors.
Nonmetals are not conductors, they are insulators.

89
Q

Oxidation is the process in which electrons are ____

A

Lost or given away.

90
Q

Do metals or nonmetals tend to be oxidized.

A

Metals

91
Q

Reduction is the process in which electrons are ____

A

Gained

92
Q

Do metals or nonmetals tend to be reduced?

A

Nonmetals

93
Q

The ability of a metal to be hammered or rolled is known as

A

Malleability

94
Q

Ductility is

A

the ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire without breaking.

95
Q

An element is isolated and it is a nonconductive gas. Is it a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?

A

Nonmetal

96
Q

A substance is a semiconductor, has a metallic luster and is not malleable. Most likely this substance is a

A

Metalloid

97
Q

Which substance is most stable, an element from group 1 or an element from group 18?

A

Group 18 because it has a full valence shell.

98
Q

An element has 3 electrons in its valence shell. What will this element tend to do when it reacts?

A

Lose the 3 valence electrons.

99
Q

An element is found to have 5 valence electrons. What group does this element belong in?

A

Group 15

100
Q

The transition metals are in groups ___ to ___

A

3 to 12

GenChem (5 decks)

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