Final Review

Question 1

The amount of space that a substance takes up is called

Answer 1

Volume

Question 2

The amount of matter contained in a substance is measured by

Answer 2

Mass

Question 3

The amount of mass in a given volume is called

Answer 3

Density

Question 4

The units used to measure mass are

Answer 4

grams and kilograms

Question 5

The units used to measure volume are

Answer 5

milliliters, liters, centimeters cubed, and meters cubed

Question 6

The unit used to measure density is

Answer 6

grams per milliliter or g/mL

Question 7

Length is measured in

Answer 7

meters

Question 8

Mass is measured by a tool known as a

Answer 8

balance

Question 9

Volume is measured by multiplying

Answer 9

length x width x height

Question 10

Volume can be measured in a container known as a

Answer 10

graduated cylinder

Question 11

When reading a liquid in a graduated cylinder, read to the bottom of the

Answer 11

meniscus, or the concave surface on the top of the liquid.

Question 12

The volume of an irregularly shaped item can be measured in a graduated cylinder by a techniques known as

Answer 12

water displacement

Question 13

The density of a 10 gram pebble which has a volume of 2 mL is

Answer 13

5 g/mL

Question 14

If the density of a rock is 4 g/mL and the rock has a volume of 100 mL, the mass is

Answer 14

400 g

Question 15

If the density of a rock is 6 g/mL and the mass of the rock is 240 grams, what is the volume?

Answer 15

40 mL

Question 16

If two fluids are placed in a container and the density of fluid A is 0.8 and the density of fluid B is 1.4, how will the fluids arrange themselves in the container?

Answer 16

Fluid A will be on top and fluid B will be on bottom.

Question 17

What phase is a substance in if the particles are locked into a crystalline structure?

Answer 17

Solid

Question 18

What phase is a substance in if the particles are close and they slip and slide past one another?

Answer 18

Liquid

Question 19

What phase is a substance in if the particles are far apart?

Answer 19

Gas or Vapor

Question 20

If a container contains only one kind of particle then is it a mixture or pure substance?

Answer 20

Pure Substance

Question 21

If a container holds only water molecules, is it holding an element or a compound?

Answer 21

It holds a compound because each water molecule consists of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

Question 22

Would a chocolate chip cookie be an example of a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?

Answer 22

Heterogeneous because the substances are not evenly mixed.

Question 23

If a container holds pure oxygen, or O2, which is an oxygen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, does it hold an element or a compound?

Answer 23

An element because there are only oxygen atoms on the container.

Question 24

What is it called when a liquid changes into a gas?

Answer 24

Vaporization

Question 25

When a gas changes into a liquid, it is called

Answer 25

Condensation

Question 26

The change from a gas to a solid is called

Answer 26

Deposition

Question 27

When a solid changes into a liquid, it is called

Answer 27

Melting or Fusion

Question 28

When a liquid changes into a solid, it is called

Answer 28

freezing or solidification.

Question 29

The change from a solid to a gas is called

Answer 29

sublimation

Question 30

The temperature at which a substance melts is called

Answer 30

the melting point or freezing point

Question 31

The temperature at which a substance boils is called

Answer 31

The boiling point or condensation point.

Question 32

When the temperature of a substance is rising, is the kinetic energy or the potential energy changing?

Answer 32

Kinetic energy.

Question 33

When the phase of a substance is changing, is the kinetic or potential energy changing?

Answer 33

Potential energy.

Question 34

When heat is added at the boiling point of a substance, what is the heat being used to do?

Answer 34

Change the phase from liquid to gas

Question 35

When a substance is changing from liquid to solid, is energy being taken in or given off?

Answer 35

Energy is being given off.

Question 36

The arrangement of the periodic table is by atomic mass or atomic number?

Answer 36

Atomic number which is the number of protons in an element.

Question 37

How do you find the number of protons in an atom?

Answer 37

It is the same as the atomic number

Question 38

An atom has 7 protons. What element is it?

Answer 38

Nitrogen

Question 39

If the atomic number of an element is 3, how many protons does it have in the nucleus of its atoms?

Answer 39

Three

Question 40

How do you determine the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 40

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.

Question 41

In a neutral atom, the number of positive charges equals the negative charges, so the number of protons ____ the number of electrons.

Answer 41

Equals

Question 42

If an atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what is the atomic mass?

Answer 42

23

Question 43

If an atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what element is it?

Answer 43

Sodium or Na

Question 44

What is the charge on a neutron

Answer 44

0

Question 45

A proton has a charge of

Answer 45

+1

Question 46

An electron has a charge of

Answer 46

-1

Question 47

Which kind of sub particle - protons, neutrons, or electrons - have no mass

Answer 47

Electrons

Question 48

In the Bohr model of the atom, the rings represent

Answer 48

energy levels which the electrons are in

Question 49

In an atom, what resides in the nucleus

Answer 49

protons and neutrons

Question 50

Where are the electrons in an atom?

Answer 50

In orbitals or energy levels outside the nucleus

Question 51

Most of the volume of an atom is made up of

Answer 51

empty space

Question 52

What is the valence shell in an atom

Answer 52

The outermost shell which contains electrons

Question 53

How many electrons can the first ring or energy level hold?

Answer 53

2

Question 54

How many electrons can the 2nd ring or energy level hold?

Answer 54

8

Question 55

What is the driving force of chemical reactions?

Answer 55

To achieve a full (or empty) valence shell

Question 56

Sodium is in group 1 on the periodic table. How many valence electrons does it have?

Answer 56

1

Question 57

Chlorine is in group 17 on the periodic table. How many valence electrons does it have?

Answer 57

7

Question 58

Group 18 elements tend not to react. Why?

Answer 58

Each of them has a full valence shell.

Question 59

An atom of oxygen has 6 valence electrons. What will oxygen do when it reacts?

Answer 59

Gain or share 2 electrons

Question 60

A substance which loses electrons when it reacts is most likely a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?

Answer 60

Metal

Question 61

What are the 6 metalloids?

Answer 61

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te

Question 62

Where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table?

Answer 62

On the right, except for hydrogen

Question 63

When an atom becomes an ion, what happens to its valence shell?

Answer 63

It becomes full (or empty).

Question 64

Each horizontal row of the periodic table is called a

Answer 64

period and it represents an energy level or ring

Question 65

Each vertical column of the periodic table is called a

Answer 65

group and it shows the number of valence electrons

Question 66

Metallic character is defined as

Answer 66

the ability to lose electrons

Question 67

The rate at which electrons or electricity travel through a substance is called

Answer 67

Electrical conductivity

Question 68

Galvanization is a process which protects metals by

Answer 68

coating them with zinc.

Question 69

Tempering is a series of heating and coolings, including both quenching and annealing, which causes what to happen to metal?

Answer 69

It to become both harder and more workable.

Question 70

Discovered in ancient times, the process of ____ reduces metals from their ores.

Answer 70

Smelting

Question 71

An alloy is a mixture of

Answer 71

a metal and some other element which makes the metals better for commercial use.

Question 72

Thermal conductivity is

Answer 72

the ability of a material to transfer heat through it.

Question 73

A partial row of atoms in a metal crystal, the movement of which allows bending of the metal, is called a

Answer 73

dislocation

Question 74

When dislocations knot together and become immovable, the metal in that spot becomes

Answer 74

hard and brittle.

Question 75

Group 17 of the periodic table is a group which contains Chlorine and Fluorine. This group is called the

Answer 75

halogens

Question 76

Group 1 on the periodic table contains the most active metals. This group is called the

Answer 76

alkali metals.

Question 77

If the left side of an equation contains 2 hydrogens, how many should there be on the right?

Answer 77

2

Question 78

Are the products in a reaction located to the left or the right of the arrow?

Answer 78

Right

Question 79

What part of a chemical reaction means "yields?"

Answer 79

The arrow

Question 80

If heat is located on the left side of the arrow, is this reaction taking in energy or giving off energy?

Answer 80

Taking in energy

Question 81

A reaction which gives off energy is called

Answer 81

Exothermic

Question 82

A molecule of water, H2O contains, how many total atoms, and what are they?

Answer 82

Three total atoms, two of hydrogen and one of oxygen

Question 83

A reaction in which a complex substance is made from simpler substances is called a ___ reaction

Answer 83

synthesis

Question 84

A reaction in which a complex substance is broken down into simpler substances is known as a

Answer 84

decomposition reaction

Question 85

In a combustion reaction, fuel and oxygen are burned to make ____ and ____.

Answer 85

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 86

What kinds of substance can serve as fuel in a combustion reaction?

Answer 86

methane, propane, butane, gasoline, sugar, paper, etc.

Question 87

What is the proper way to write a chemical symbol?

Answer 87

Upper case first letter, and if there is a second letter - it is lower case.

Question 88

Compare the electrical conductivity of metals, metalloids and nonmetals.

Answer 88

Metals are good conductors. Metalloids are semiconductors. Nonmetals are not conductors, they are insulators.

Question 89

Oxidation is the process in which electrons are ____

Answer 89

Lost or given away.

Question 90

Do metals or nonmetals tend to be oxidized.

Answer 90

Metals

Question 91

Reduction is the process in which electrons are ____

Answer 91

Gained

Question 92

Do metals or nonmetals tend to be reduced?

Answer 92

Nonmetals

Question 93

The ability of a metal to be hammered or rolled is known as

Answer 93

Malleability

Question 94

Ductility is

Answer 94

the ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire without breaking.

Question 95

An element is isolated and it is a nonconductive gas. Is it a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?

Answer 95

Nonmetal

Question 96

A substance is a semiconductor, has a metallic luster and is not malleable. Most likely this substance is a

Answer 96

Metalloid

Question 97

Which substance is most stable, an element from group 1 or an element from group 18?

Answer 97

Group 18 because it has a full valence shell.

Question 98

An element has 3 electrons in its valence shell. What will this element tend to do when it reacts?

Answer 98

Lose the 3 valence electrons.

Question 99

An element is found to have 5 valence electrons. What group does this element belong in?

Answer 99

Group 15

Question 100

The transition metals are in groups ___ to ___

Answer 100

3 to 12