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GenChem > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

If the following diagram represents a helium nucleus, what subatomic particle is the arrow pointing to?

A

A proton.

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2
Q

If the following diagram represents a helium nucleus, what subatomic particle is the arrow pointing to?

A

A neutron.

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3
Q

The following diagram represents a helium nucleus. What is its atomic number?

A

The atomic number of a helium atom is 2, because it has two protons.

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4
Q

The following diagram is a helium nucleus. Is the atomic mass 2 amu’s, 4 amu’s or 4.003 amus?

A

The mass of this helium nucleus is 4 amu’s because it has a total of 4 protons and neutrons, and each proton has a mass of 1 amu and each neutron has a mass of one amu.

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5
Q

What does AMU stand for?

A

AMU stands for atomic mass unit.

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6
Q

Which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons

and

neutons.

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7
Q

Where are electrons located in an atom?

A

Electrons are located in orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

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8
Q

The majority of an atom’s volume is composed of:

protons,

neutrons,

electrons,

or empty space?

A

Empty space.

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9
Q

The density of an atom’s nucleus is:

very high,

high,

moderate,

or low?

A

Very high.

The nucleus of an atom is extraordinarily dense due to the very small volume that it occupies.

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10
Q

The subatomic particle which bears a negative charge is

A

an electron.

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11
Q

The subatomic particle which carries a positive charge is

A

a proton.

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12
Q

Which subatomic particle has no charge?

A

A neutron.

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13
Q

An atom has an atomic number of 3 and an atomic mass of 7. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this atom have?

A

3 protons

4 neutrons

and

3 electrons.

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14
Q

The periods on the periodic table correspond to

A

electron shells or energy levels. That is, the first period has electrons in the first energy level; the second period has electrons in the second energy level, and so on.

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15
Q

On the periodic table, atoms with the same number of valence electrons are located

A

in the same group.

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16
Q

A subatomic particle has a mass of 1amu and a charge of +1; what is it?

A

A proton.

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17
Q

A subatomic particle has a mass of 0 amu and a charge of -1. What is it?

A

An electron.

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18
Q

How many energy levels (or “rings” in Bohrian language), does an atom of Calcium (Ca) have?

A

Four.

Calcium is in period 4 of the periodic table so it has 4 energy levels.

19
Q

How many electrons do atoms from group 1 have in their valence shell?

A

One electron.

20
Q

What is significant about the number of valence electrons for atoms in group 18, the noble gases?

A

Elements in group 18 have a full outer shell, so they will not react in chemical reactions.

21
Q

What do the elements Be, Mg, and Ca have in common?

A

They are in the same group and therefore

have the same number of valence electrons and therefore

behave the same way in a chemical reaction by losing two electrons.

22
Q

What is true of the number of valence electrons as you progress across the periodic table from left to right?

A

They increase.

23
Q

What is true of the number of valence electrons as you progress from top to bottom in the same group?

A

They remain the same.

24
Q

An atom which has lost or gained electrons to have a full outer shell is called

A

An ion.

25
Q

A sodium atom which has lost 1 electron is called a sodium —.

A

Ion.

26
Q

Which is more stable, an oxygen atom or an oxygen ion?

A

An oxygen ion because it has a full valence shell.

27
Q

How does the valence shell of a Nitrogen atom change when it becomes a Nitrogen ion?

A

It gains 3 electrons.

28
Q

What change happens to the valence shell of a Lithium atom when it becomes a Lithium ion?

A

It loses 1 electron.

29
Q

What change to the valence shell would make a chlorine atom more stable?

A

Gaining 1 electron.

30
Q

What change to the valence shell of Barium (Ba) would make it more stable?

A

Losing 2 electrons.

31
Q

An element in group 18 will not react because

A

it has a full outer shell.

32
Q

Describe the reaction a Calcium atom will have with two chlorine atoms.

A

The calcium atom has two valence electrons; the chlorines each need 1, so the calcium will give 1 electron to each chlorine and together the 3 ions become a compound.

CaCl2

33
Q

Describe how the compound NaCl forms from its elements Na and Cl

A

An atom of Sodium (Na) has 1 valence electron which it gives to an atom of Cl, which needs 1 to fill its valence shell. The two are attracted together as ions, forming the compound NaCl.

34
Q

What is a “free radical?”

A

A free radical is a molecule which does not have a full outer shell of electrons. As a result, it steals an electron from other molecules to fill its shell, thus destroying the stability of the other molecule, thus creating a new free radical.

35
Q

Why are free radicals dangerous to living systems?

A

They create chain reactions of destruction for all kinds of molecules used in living systems.

As they steal an electron, destroying one molecule, that molecule, in turn, destroys another. This interrupts very important chemical processes in cells.

36
Q

What is one way in which arsenic acts as a poison to living systems?

A

Arsenic creates free radicals.

37
Q

The atomic number on the periodic table will always indicate the number of which subatomic particle?

A

The number of protons.

38
Q

The atomic mass on the periodic table can be used to determine what concerning the subatomic particles?

A

The atomic mass indicates the sum of the protons and neutrons.

39
Q

What does the dot structure of a Calcium atom look like?

A
40
Q

Is the following dot structure an oxygen atom or an oxygen ion?

A

An oxygen ion because it has gained two electrons to fill its valence shell.

41
Q

Which of the following is the proper way to write the symbol for the element sodium?

NA

NA

Na

A

Na

42
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons which can be held by the first energy level?

A

2

43
Q

For practical purposes, how many electrons can be held by the energy levels 2 and above?

A

8

GenChem (5 decks)

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