Final Review Flashcards
What muscles are in the fundamental 6 pack
Pelvic Floor
TRA/ Internal Oblique
Lats
Multifidus
Diaphragm
Glute Max
How long does it take a mild ankle sprain (grade 1) to heal
5-14 days
How long does it take a moderate ankle sprain (grade 2) to heal?
2-3 weeks
How long does it take a severe ankle sprain (grade 3) to heal?
3-12 weeks
How long before you can return to running after an ACL injury?
8 weeks
NM Control exercises for foot
NM control/strength exercises
BAPs board (circles and 4 way)
Short foot (arch raises) for the foot intrinsic and post tib
Towel Scrunches for toe flexors
Marble pickup
MOI of high ankle sprain
Eversion and dorsiflexion
MOI of lateral ankle sprain
Inversion and plantarflexion
Grade 1 lateral ankle sprain
mild tearing of ATFL
Grade 2 lateral ankle sprain
Moderate tearing of ATFL
Some tearing of CFL
Grade 3 lateral ankle sprain
Full tear of ATFL CFL and PTFL
What shoes do supinators need
Neutral w/ arch support (need the ground brought up to their stiff arch)
Need squishier shoes for more impact absorption
What shoes do pronators need?
Moderate - support
Severe - Motion Control shoes
Exercises for Achilles Tendinopathy
Isometrics early for pain control
Progress to eccentric drills (some pain normal)
Posterolateral corner precautions
WBAT with brace 4 weeks
No active knee flexion for 4 weeks
Avoid posterolateral knee thrust in gait
No resisted leg extension machine
No high impact or cutting for 3-4 months
What ligaments are injured with posterolateral corner
LCL PCL
Popliteofibular ligament
Popliteus tendon
Bicep femoris tendon
What is the MOI of a posterolateral corner injury
varus, hyper extension, or twisting of the knee.
Exercise progression for tendinopathies (patellar tendinopathy)
Isometric
Eccentric
Energy Storage
Return to sport
Hallmark of patellar tendinopathy
Pain localized to the inferior pole of the patella
Load-related pain that increases with the knee extensors, notably in activities that store and release energy in the patellar tendon
Rarely have pain at rest
The medial mensicus attaches to what?
Deep MCL
Semimembranosus
Quadriceps
The lateral meniscus attaches to what?
Popliteus
Quadriceps
Acruate ligament
During flexion the meniscus moves:
posteriorly
With extension the meniscus moves anteriorly
Which meniscus is O shaped, more mobile, and less prone to injury
Lateral
Therex for meniscus
Progressive motion
Progressive WB
Progressive return to activity
The anteriormedial bundle of the ACL is taut when?
What about the Posteriorlateral (Larger) bundle?
Flexion
Extension
When do both ACL bundles become parallel?
Full ext
When is the anteriolateral PCL bundle taut?
What about the posteriomedial PCL
Flexion
Extension
Pain at anterior tibial tubercle with kneeling and activity
May have swelling at tibial tubercle
Osgood Schlatters at tibial tuberosity
Traction injury to attachment site of tendons in children and adolescence
Pain at inferior patellar pole with kneeling and activity
Swelling/calcification at inferior pole
Sinding Larsen Johansson syndrome
at inferior patellar pole
Where does Osgood Schlatters affect
What about SLJ syndrome
Tibial Tuberosity
Inferior patellar pole
In closed chain anterior pelvic tilt produces hip _________
Posterior pelvic tilt produces:
flexion
Extension
When does hip internal rotation occur in closed chain
When extending from a flexed position
When flexed 60-100
Hip IR drives force into ground
How to improve hip IR in CKC:
Improve hip IR where it actually occurs (Hip IR occurs with posterior rotation of innominate and sacral nutation)
Slowing the eccentric
Force through the concentric
First need to work on the sacral nutation (frog breathing exercise)
Next need to work on hip IR in a flexed position with box squat isos
Then we want to work on training force into the ground so work on quadruped hip shift
Then work towards extension with sidelying stride
Then finally work on bottoms up split squat hold (creating force with both the flexed and extended leg)
What are these pictures showing
PT holds pt into IR and the patient progressively steps around their foot putting themselves further into IR
PT can use a band at home for lateral traction and step around their foot
What is this picture showing
Way to use your new IR motion once youve gained it
Pt will wind and unwind themselves slowily from band working on closed chain IR strength
Posterior hip precautions
No hip flexion >90 degrees
No hip internal rotation
No adduction beyond neutral
None of the above motions combined
FADIR
Anterior hip precautions
No hip extension or hip external rotation beyond neutral
No bridging, no prone lying, and none of the above motions combined
When the patient is supine, keep the hip flexed at or above 30 degrees
Pillow under the patient’s knee or raise the head of the bed
Lateral hip precautions
Abduction restrictions
What motions happen at the sacrum/innominate with closed chain hip IR
Sacral nutation
Posterior innominate
Cam vs Pincer impingement:
Cam- femoral head
-more often in males
-history of SCFE or Legg-Calve-Perthes
- femoral head anteversion or coxa vara
Pincer- Acetabulum
-often in females
-acetabular retroversion, coxa profunda, acetabular protrusions
How will FAI present?
- Passive hip IR- painful and limited
- Passive hip flexion-painful and limited
- Trendelenburg gait or abductor lurch
- Decreased ROM
- Click/catching
- Giving way
What kind of FAI is most common?
Combination of pincer and cam
Tendonitis healing time
3-7 weeks
Tendon laceration healing time
5 week to 6 months
Muscle exercise induced healing time
0-3 days
Muscle grade 1 healing time
0-14 days
muscle grade 2 healing time
4 days to 4 months
muscle grade 3 healing time
4 days to 6 months
ligament grade 1 healing time
0-3 days
ligament grade 2 healing time
3 weeks to 6 months
ligament grade 3 healing time
5 weeks to 1 year
ligament graft healing time
2 months to 2 year
bone healing time
5 weeks to 3 months
articular cartilage healing time
2 months to 2 years
What takes the longest to heal?
Articular cartilage (up to 2 years)
nerves (2+ years)
Lordotic posture has a
_______ lumbosacral angle
_______ lumbar lordosis
_______ pelvic tilt
hip __________
increased
increased
anterior
flexion
Swayback posture has
shift of entire pelvis __________
hip ______
shifted thoracic segment __________
Associated with ___________
Anterior
extension
posterior
forward head, thoracic kyphosis
Flat back posture has
______ lumbosacral angle
_________ pelvic tilt
_________ lumbar lordosis
________ thoracic spine
decreased
posterior
decreased
flattened
What posture has an increased lumbosacral angle, hip flexion, and increases lumbar lordosis
Lordotic posture
What posture is associated with forward head and thoracic kyphosis
swayback
What posture is associated with posterior pelvic tilt and decreased lumbosacral angle
flat back posture
You have a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine.
Urge incontinence
Urine leaks when you exert pressure on your bladder by
coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising or lifting something heavy.
stress incontinence
You experience frequent or constant dribbling of urine due to
a bladder that doesn’t empty completely.
Overflow incontinence.
A physical or mental impairment keeps you from making it to the toilet in time. For example, if you have severe arthritis, you may not be able to
unbutton your pants quickly enough
Functional incontinence.
Mixed incontinence
Experiencing more than one type of urinary incontinence.
Open chain pronation
Calcaneal eversion, dorsiflexion, and abduction
Open chain supination
Calcaneal inversion, plantar flexion, and adduction
Closed chain pronation
Calcaneal eversion
talar adduction, and plantarflexion
Closed chain supination
Calcaneal inversion,
talar abduction, and dorsiflexion
Return to run criteria for ACL
95% restored knee flexion ROM
Full EXT
No swelling
Limb symmetry index 80%
Pain free alter-G or aqua jogging
Pain free single leg hopping
