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THEREX 2 > Ankle Foot > Flashcards

Ankle Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What toe is considered the reference for the middle of the foot

A

2nd toe

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2
Q

How far from the wall should your toes be for a dorsiflexion mobility test

A

3-4 inches

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3
Q

To improve toe ext, which way do we mobilize the toe

A

Up (dorsally) because the toes are concave on convex joints

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4
Q

Which way should you orient the foot (inversion or eversion) to stretch the calf without stretching the plantar fascia

A

Inversion

Eversion will increase the stretch of the plantar fascia

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5
Q

Supination is used in what part of gait

A

Push off

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6
Q

Pronation is used in what part of gait

A

Absorbing force

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7
Q

What is the progression of rehab for tendinopathies

A

Eccentric

Isotonic

Energy storage

Return to sport

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8
Q

Heel raises while squeezing a tennis ball between your malleoli is targeting what muscle

A

Posterior tibialis

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9
Q

Side stepping with band around your feet is targeting what muscles?

A

Peroneals

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10
Q

What body part does the steamboat exercise focus on

A

Foot

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11
Q

Which way should a band pull the leg in order to mobilize into dorsiflexion in a kneeling lunge?

A

Pull the lower leg forward and creates normal arthrokinematics of the joint

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12
Q

4 layers of plantar intrinsics

A

1: Abductor hallicus, FDB, Abductor DM

2: Quadratus Plantae, Lumbricals

Layer 3: FHB, adductor hallucis, FDMB

Layer 4: Interossei

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13
Q

ER of the tibia happens with ankle _______

IR happens with ___________

A

supination

pronation

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14
Q

Claw toe

A

MTP Hyperext, IP flexion

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15
Q

Hammertoe

A

MTP hyperext, PIP flex, DIP hyperext

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16
Q

Grade 1 lateral ankle sprain vs grade 2 and 3

A

1: Microscopic damage to typically the ATFL (5-14 days)

2: Partial tear of ATFL, some damage to calcaneofibular (2-3 weeks)

3: Complete tear of all 3 lateral ligaments (3-12 weeks)

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17
Q

What ligament is most commonly torn first

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of a syndesmotic ankle sprain

A

Dorsiflexion + Eversion

19
Q

How should we measure dorsiflexion for ankle sprains?

How should we measure dynamic balance?

A

Weight bearing lunge test

Star excursion balance test

20
Q

What should we measure in patients w/ ankle sprain

A

Swelling, ROM< Talar translation, inversion, single leg balance

21
Q

Prophylactic bracing or external supports for people with ankle sprain risk factors has what level evidence

A

Level A evidence

22
Q

What is the most important thing to work on for ankle stability

A

proprioception

23
Q

Should we use ultrasound on lateral ankle sprains?

A

No

24
Q

should we use an external support for patients with ankle sprains

A

Yes but not as the only intervention

25
Q

How do we progress patients with ankle sprain

A

isometric

eccentric

energy storage

return to sport

26
Q

Is it normal for achilles tendinopathy patients to have some pain when you progress them to eccentric drills? Is this acceptable?

A

Yes it can be expected they will have some pain

27
Q

What outcome measures are best for Achilles tendinopathy and lateral ankle sprain

A

FAAM, LEFS

28
Q

What should we advise regarding rest for patients with achilles tendinopathy

A

that complete rest is not indicated

29
Q

What should we use to decrease pain in patients with acute midportion achilles tendinopathy

A

iontophoresis with dexamethasone

30
Q

What treatment should we give plantar fasciitis

A

Manual therapy to address LE joint mobility

Plantar fascia and gastroc/soleus stretching

antipronation taping for up to 3 weeks

foot orthoses

perscribe a 1 to 3 month program of night splints

31
Q

How can we diagnose plantar fasciitis

A

Medial heel pain noticable with initial steps after period of inactivity or prolonged weight bearing

positive windlass test

abnormal foot posture index score

limited dorsiflexion and tight hamstrings

32
Q

pain radiating up to calf, reporting sharp shooting foot pain and numbness

vague pain over medial ankle/plantarfoot

may be worse at night

A

Tarsel Tunnel Syndrome

33
Q

Lis Franc injury happens where?

What is the MOI?

A

Medial and cuneiform and second metatarsal are separated

MVA, or someone steps on your foot

34
Q

Dorsum of the foot is swollen

Bruising on dorsum or plantar surface

pain w/ WBing

Abnormal widening of the foot

A

Lis Franc Injury

35
Q

What muscles support the medial arch?

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior

peroneal longus

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

the intrinsic foot muscles

36
Q

What is Baxter’s nerve entrapment

A

Compression of the inferior calcaneal nerve

tibial nerve -> lateral plantar nerve -> inferior calcaneal nerve

37
Q

Norman inversion and eversion?

A

30 inversion

20 eversion

38
Q

What muscle passes deep to the abductor hallicus and can become compressed during repetitive eversion

A

medial plantar nerve

s/s : aching numbness and paraesthesia on medial side of foot

39
Q

How much IR and ER of the tibia is normal?

A

20-30

40
Q

How is the distal tib-fib joint oriented?

A

30 degrees off of anterior/posterior

41
Q

How to test for lis franc injury

A

Pronation-abduction test or squeeze test

42
Q

Ankle operation WB precautions:

Plates:

Intermedullary nail:

A

Plates: NWB

Intermedullary nail: WBAT

43
Q

Should patients Weightbear with external fixators?

A

yes

44
Q

What is the first exercise to give someone for NM control of their foot?

A

short foot exercises/arch raises

THEREX 2 (12 decks)

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