final review

Question 1

disturbance in reading

Answer 1

alexia

Question 2

apraxia

Answer 2

specific inability to execute sequences of movements

Question 3

broca’s aphasia is associated with lesions of

Answer 3

left inferior frontal region

Question 4

patient who produces seemingly fluent but largely unintelligent speech and has poor comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _________ aphasia

Answer 4

wernicke’s

Question 5

angular gyrus links the

Answer 5

visual region and wernicke’s area

Question 6

people with conduction aphasia are unable to

Answer 6

repeat words or sentences

Question 7

cortical stimulation studies of people who are bilingual from a very early age indicate that

Answer 7

patterns of brain activation do not vary between languages

Question 8

children show evidence of sensitivity of language by _______ months

Answer 8

7

Question 9

because chimps seem able to learn ASL, some researchers concluded that chimps can acquire language. criticisms to this are

Answer 9

chimps are only imitating gestures of trainers

Question 10

which feature of birdsong suggests it s analogous to human speech?

Answer 10

some birds require early exposure to species-typical birdsong in order to develop their characteristic song

Question 11

Jill has been diagnosed with dyslexia. based on this diagnosis, you expect she also

Answer 11

has difficulty recognizing which of her classmates is speaking when she cannot see the speaker

Question 12

characteristic of developmental dyslexia

Answer 12

micropolygyria

Question 13

which pathology is consistent with acquired dyslexia

Answer 13

left inferior frontal atrophy

Question 14

most neural disorganization in dyslexia (eg. ectopias) is found in?

Answer 14

planum temporale

Question 15

disruption of DYXC1 and _________ has been linked with reading disorders

Answer 15

DCDC2, ROBO1, KIAA0319

Question 16

which statement about childhood aphasia is most true

Answer 16

language abilities impaired by childhood brain injury are usually restored by adulthood

Question 17

in patients with aphasia, the greatest amount of language recovery is likely to be achieved ________ after episode of brain damage

Answer 17

within 3 months

Question 18

according to some studies, stroke patients given _____ therapy can show about a 75% return of normal use of a paralyzed arm within a relatively short period of time

Answer 18

constraint-induced movement

Question 19

which is NOT a type of brain disorder associated with boxing

Answer 19

dementia, cortical atrophy, ventricular dilation are ALL associated with boxing

Question 20

in most split brain individuals, words presented to left visual field

Answer 20

cannot be repeated verbally

Question 21

anesthetizing the right hemisphere in a Wada test interferes with subject’s ability to recognize ________ in a picture that is a composite of subject’s face and that of a celebrity

Answer 21

his/her own face

Question 22

enlargement of which brain region may reflect left-hemisphere language dominance?

Answer 22

planum temporale

Question 23

patients with aphasia sometimes produce entirely new, nonsensical words called…

Answer 23

neologism

Question 24

which symptom NOT defining sign of aphasia

Answer 24

agnosia

Question 25

which structure guides attentional eye movements

Answer 25

superior colliculus

Question 26

human homolog to LIP in monkeys

Answer 26

intraparietal sulcus

Question 27

structure linking to orienting and shifting of attention

Answer 27

pulvinar

Question 28

attention network is responsible for top-down control of voluntary attention

Answer 28

dorsal frontoparietal system

Question 29

damage to _______ in humans = difficulties in suppressing unwanted reorientation of eyes toward peripheral distractors

Answer 29

frontal eye field

Question 30

orienting and shifting attention

Answer 30

pulvinar

Question 31

directed attention toward novel or unexpected stimuli is controlled by the ________ system

Answer 31

temporoparietal

Question 32

which accounts for ability to shift rapidly between interesting objects that “pop up” in our environment and intended objects of attention

Answer 32

strong connections between intraparietal sulcus and temporoparietal junction

Question 33

hemispatial neglect can occur with damage to ________ cortex

Answer 33

right inferior parietal

Question 34

which structure identified as having role in conscious awareness

Answer 34

claustrum, lateral frontal cortex, posterior cingulate

Question 35

person who has trouble moving eyes to an object, unable to reach for objects she can see, and can only pay attention to one feature at a time may have

Answer 35

Balint’s syndrome

Question 36

diminished judgment and planning characterizes humans with injury to _______ cortex

Answer 36

dorsolateral frontal

Question 37

regional prefrontal syndrome correctly associated with damage that causes it and symptoms

Answer 37

apathetic syndrome - mediofrontal damage, less talking, weakness in legs, less spontaneity, slow reaction time

Question 38

in economic decision making, variation system is mediated by

Answer 38

ventromedial prefrontal cortex