Final-Renal&Synovial

Question 1

most imp test of renal fxn

Answer 1

GFR

Question 2

chemstrip is NOT sensitive enough for?

Answer 2

microalbuminuria

Question 3

tea colored urine

Answer 3

post strep glomerulonephritis

Question 4

minimal change dz nothing on ? only see damage to epithelial foot processes on ?

Answer 4

light microscopy

electron microscopy

Question 5

goodpasture syndrome associated with?

Answer 5

pulm hemorrhage

Question 6

RPGN- causes?

Answer 6

good pasteur, SLE, ANCA gene

Question 7

RPGN- serology?

Answer 7

anti glomerular basement membrane Ab, dsDNA

Question 8

sx include fever, chills, CVA tenderness

Answer 8

pyelonephritis

Question 9

creatinine clearance requires

Answer 9

24h urine collection

Question 10

nl GFR?

Answer 10

90-120

Question 11

microalbumin checked for via ? OR ?

Answer 11

albumin/creatinine ratio, specimen: random urine sample during day

Question 12

low urine specific gravity ex?

Answer 12

diabetes insipidus (dilute urine)

Question 13

high specific gravity ex?

Answer 13

high urine osmolarity (concentrated) i.e. SIADH

Question 14

orange urine from ?

Answer 14

meds i.e. pyridium in meds given to relieve sx in UTIs

Question 15

yellow brown green urine

Answer 15

bilirubin

Question 16

chemstrip only detects ?; will not detect ?

Answer 16

ionic solutes, glucose

Question 17

acidic urine?
basic?
normal range?

Answer 17

4. 5-5.5
5. 5-8
6. 5-8

Question 18

basic urine seen w/ UTI from??

Answer 18

proteus!

Question 19

renal glycosuria- ? is normal

Answer 19

plasma glucose (renal tubular dz is cause)

Question 20

starvation or alc KA
ketones?
glucose?

Answer 20

positive

negative

Question 21

nonpatho causes of ketones in urine?

Answer 21

low carb diet, fasting

Question 22

chemstrip detects what protein?

Answer 22

albumin only

Question 23

what test detects all proteins? necessary for multiple myeloma!

Answer 23

protein electrophoresis

Question 24

two causes of ARF due to ATN with a positive chemstrip (4+) but NO INCREASED RBC?

Answer 24

rhabdomyolysis, acute hemolytic transfusion rxn

Question 25

nitrite is gram .. ?

Answer 25

negative bacilli

Question 26

leukocyte esterase detects? | positive = strong evidence of?

Answer 26

neutrophils (WBC) | UTI

Question 27

bilirubin seen in chemstrip?

Answer 27

conjugated only (the only type in urine)

Question 28

inc in almost all renal dz? | indicative of renal origin?

Answer 28

WBC | WBC Casts

Question 29

inc WBC w/ neg bac culture ?

Answer 29

chlamydia urethritis

Question 30

? produced by protein from tubular epithelium (Tamm-Horsfall protein); large number may be ?

Answer 30

hyaline casts | pathologic

Question 31

most indicative of pyelonephritis?

Answer 31

WBC casts

Question 32

renal tubular epithelial cell casts seems in ?

Answer 32

ATN

Question 33

besides hallmark RBC casts, nephritic syn may have?

Answer 33

WBC, WBC casts

Question 34

result from degeneration of cellular casts?, can be seen in?

Answer 34

granular casts | pyelonephritis

Question 35

CRF casts?

Answer 35

waxy casts (were cellular, then granular, then lost ALL detail and became waxy)

Question 36

crystals ususally?

Answer 36

insignificant

Question 37

may represent contamination in diabetic patients ?

Answer 37

yeast

Question 38

pear shaped flagellated parasite, motility is rapid, jerky, nondirectional?

Answer 38

trichomonas vaginalis

Question 39

WBC count: | 50,000

Answer 39

``` Normal OA AI arthritis crystal-induced arthritis septic arthritis ```

Question 40

mildest inc in WBC; noninflammatory?

Answer 40

OA

Question 41

NEGATIVE birefringence w/ polarizing microscopy, monosodium urate crystals, needle-shaped

Answer 41

gout

Question 42

rhomboid shaped crystals; POSITIVE birefringence

Answer 42

PSEUDOgout

Question 43

transudate pleural effusion w/ ?

Answer 43

heart failure, cirrhosis (if uncomplicated)

Question 44

``` transudate: appearance total protein pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH ratio ```

Answer 44

clear, pale yellow <0.6 *** exudate pleural effusion opposite

Question 45

workup of exudative pleural effusion? 4

Answer 45

cytologic studies, microbiologic studies, glucose, amylase

Question 46

MCC ascites

Answer 46

cirrhosis

Question 47

uncomplicated cirrhosis vs spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: - WBC 500 cells and >/=50% neutrophils? OR absolute neutrophils >250 - *inc WBC w/ lymphocyte predominance?

Answer 47

uncomp cirr bac peritonitis TB

Question 48

tumor cells released into ascitic fluid? cancer implants i.e. ovarian ca

Answer 48

peritoneal carcinomatosis

Question 49

malignant cells NOT directly released into ascitic fluid? not from cancer implants, from portal hypertension (not leaky vessels)

Answer 49

primary liver cancer

Question 50

Cancer Males: #1 pleural fluid? ascitic? Females: pleural? ascitic?

Answer 50

lung, GI | breast, ovarian

Question 51

``` to determine whether portal htn is present? High gradient (portal htn) causes? 3 Low causes (NOT portal htn)? ```

Answer 51

SAAG- serum to ascites albumin gradient - cirrhosis, alc hepatitis, massive liver mets, Budd Chiari syndrome, RHF, constrictive pericarditis - malignant peritoneal implants i.e. peritoneal carcinomatosis, peritoneal TB, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome

Question 52

low pleural glucose causes (3)

Answer 52

malignancy, TB, lupus

Question 53

lymph in abd cavity looks ? due to ?; suspect?

Answer 53

milky, triglycerides, lymphatic obstruction

Question 54

TB 100% recovery w/?

Answer 54

histology and culture