Final-Malignancies Flashcards
predominance of blasts
acute
predominance of most mature, differentiated cells i.e. mature lymphocytes, mature neutrophils
chronic
acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- > or = to 20% ? on BM bx or peripheral blood smear
- 8 subtypes, tx same for all except?
- *note: acute PROmyelocytic leukemia has diff epidemiology and best ?, increases during ? and reaches a plateau during ?; note- initially there’s a life threatening ? from ?
- unique Sx/signs?
- myeloblasts
- M3
- Px, 2nd decade, young adulthood, hemorrhagic complication, DIC
- gum bleeding, epistaxis, excessive menstrual bleeding, gingival hypertrophy, skin lesions
Auer rods?
AML
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- > or = 20-25% ? on BM bx or peripheral blood smear
- signs/Sx- 50% ?, ? uniquely involved
- DANGER of ?, Tx ALL of ALL prophy w/ ?
- Px in children?
- lymphoblasts
- lymphadenopathy, CNS
- leukemic meningitis
- chemo i.e. MTX
- better than adults
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
- predominance of ?
- in 95% of cases?
- may have extreme ?, tenderness over lower sternum
- labs: sig inc ? (~100,000),
- mature neutrophils
- philadelphia chromosome
- splenomegaly
- WBC, blasts (bc its chronic), BASOPHILIA
- decreased or zero
- AML, ALL
- ImaTINIB (others from same class ‘tinib’)- NOT curative but long term control of dz
Leukemoid Reaction
- similar CBC findings to ? but NO ?
- reactive process often from ?
- LAP score is ?
- CML, myelocyte bulge
- prolonged, severe infection
- increased
MC leukemia in US and western europe
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
CLL
- often ? and discovered on routine
- 50-90% have ?, often in ?, anywhere in size from ? to ? (always alternating size)
- ? count typically >10,000
- ? cells
- ? confirms Dx
- ? phenomena in 20% pts- results in ? anemia
- aSx
- lymphadenopathy, cervical area, few mm to orange size
- lymphocyte
- smudge
- flow cytometry (essential for dx)
- AI, hemolytic; tx w/ steroids!
reed sternberg cells
hodgkins lymphoma
hodgkins lymphoma
- 60-80% present w/ enlarged ? and/or ? lymph nodes
- 25-30% have ? Sx
- Tx
- Px?
cervical, supraclavicular
systemic B (fever, night sweats, wt loss)
chemo i.e. ABVD, radiation
HIGH cure rate w/ localized dz
NONhodgkins lymphoma
- MC extranodal site? then?
- met profile may reveal?
- exposure to pesticides & agent orange from ?
- history of ? sx
GI tract, skin
hyperca (PTRrP)
vietname war
B symptoms (fever, wt loss, sweats)
NHL
- low grade (slow growing, indolent)?
- intermediate?
- follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia
- mantle cell lymphoma
- **rest are high grade
MC NHL in adults ? 2
follicular, diffuse large B-cell
MC NHL in children? 3
ALL, Burkitt’s diffuse large B-cell
follicular lymphoma
- multiple sites above and below?
- dz localized to ?
- cured by?
- med?
- Px?
diaphragm one side of diaphragm radiation therapy rituximab survival for several years
small lymphocytic lymphoma
- small mature appearing lymphocytes that do not function normally; are ?
- most patients present w/ ?
‘incompetent’
painless generalized lymphadenopathy
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- incidence?
- behavior- highly INVASIVE
- may present as ? rapidly enlarging in ln in neck or abdomen; may present with ? Sx
- usually in ?
- Tx?
- MC NHL
- symptomatic mass, B Sx
- GI tract
- CHOP + rituximab
ALL- acute lymphoBLASTic lymphoma
- MC in ?
- w/ leukemia** less bone marrow involvement with ?
- children
- blasts <20%
burkitt’s lymphoma
- incidence?
- three forms?
- prophy?
- children, I/C
- endemic in african children, non endemic in american, IC i.e. HIV
- CNS like with ALL i.e. MTX
adolescents may get ? in addition to diffuse large B cell lymphoma, ALL, and Burkitt’s
follicular lymphoma
multiple myeloma (MM) triad
plasma cells, M protein, bone lesions
? must be done to detect hence jones proteins
electrophoresis
MM Dx- need all three:
presence of M protein
plasma cells or plasmacytoma
ONE feature of CRAB (hyperca, renal insuff, anemia, lytic bone lesion
