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MA 23 Qt 2 > Final Q2 > Flashcards

Final Q2 Flashcards

1
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of the adenoids
aka pharyngeal tonsils

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2
Q

allergy

A

occurs when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance that doesn’t cause a reaction in most people.

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3
Q

anemia – different types

A

Vitamin deficiency anemia.
Aplastic anemia.
Sickle cell anemia.
Thalassemia.
Iron deficiency anemia.

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4
Q

antibodies

A

Protein substances produced in the blood or tissues in response to a specific antigen, that destroy or weakens the antigen. (Part of immune system)

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5
Q

antigens

A

Substances that stimulate the production of an antibody when introduced into the body.
Includes toxins, bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances

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6
Q

appearance of these bacteria: diplo, strep & staph

A

Diplo: in pairs
Strep: chain formation
Staph: grape like clusters

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7
Q

autologous

A

Harvesting a patient’s own healthy bone marrow before treatment, then reintroducing the bone marrow later.

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8
Q

bilirubin

A

Made by the liver
a break down product of red blood cells

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9
Q

blood tests performed – CBC, differential, ESR, PT & WBC

A

CBC: (complete blood count): RBC, HCT, HGB, WBC
Differential: Part of CBC, approx. number of circulating RBC in blood. (Measures WBCs via blood smear)
ESR: (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate): Used to measure the degree of inflammation in the body
PT: (prothrombin time) measures how long for blood to clot.
WBC:(White blood cell): estimate number of leukocytes in blood (diagnosis of leukemia)

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10
Q

blood types – universal donor and recipient

A

Universal donor: Type O-
Universal recipient: AB+

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11
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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12
Q

centrifuge and what it does

A

an instrument to separate solids from liquids

it needs to be balances so therefore an even number of tubes and weight at all time

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13
Q

coagulation

A

process of changing liquid into a solid

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14
Q

culture & sensitivity testing

A

Culture detects organism in body fluid (ie. blood, sputum, urine) and sensitivity testing to determine antibiotics that would inhibit organism

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15
Q

cytokines

A

Chemical messengers that are secreted by cells of the immune system that direct immune cellular interactions

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16
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

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17
Q

erythropoietin

A

**A hormone **that is produced by the kidney cells and travels to the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell formation

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18
Q

FBS

A

Fasting Blood Sugar

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19
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test

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20
Q

hemoglobin A1c

A

Measure A1c levels to assess and manage long term care of patients with diabetes

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21
Q

hematocrit - reasons test would be low

A

An insufficient supply of healthy red blood cells (anemia)

Dehydration

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22
Q

hematology

A

The study of blood cells and coagulation

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23
Q

hematopoiesis

A

The process of blood formation

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24
Q

hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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25
Q

hemoglobin

A

An oxygen carrying pigment of red blood cells that contains iron.

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26
Q

hemophilia

A

Group of inherited blooding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors ( 8, 9, or 11) necessary for coagulation of blood

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27
Q

hemostasis

A

The stoppage of bleeding

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28
Q

leukocytes – types and their purposes

A

White blood cells
Neutrophil: Engulf & destroy foreign substances. (Bacteria)

Eosinophil: Helps in the destruction of parasites and fungi

Basophil: Helps in the destruction of allergens

Monocytes: Engulf and destroy foreign substances. (Senescent and malignant cells

Lymphocyte B cell: Destroys foreign substances by producing antibodies

Lymphocyte T cell: Destroy foreign substances. (intracellular pathogens)

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29
Q

leukocytosis

A

Abnormal increase in WBC’s

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30
Q

leukopenia

A

Abnormal decrease in WBC’s, aka. leukocytopenia

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31
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland (node)

32
Q

lymphocytes, types and what organ produces them

A
  • Lymphocytes: B & T cells: Produced in bone marrow & recognize pathogen as foreign substances
33
Q

macromolecules

A

The molecules needed for metabolism: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, amino acids (building blocks of protein)

34
Q

microhematocrit test – layers

A
  • Sealing Compound/clay
  • Pack RBCs
  • Buffy Coat
  • Plasma
35
Q

micro molecules

A

organic compounds such as sugars, amino acids

36
Q

mononucleosis – what is it and another name for it

A

the kissing disease. (common acquired as a child or adolescent) can be passed by kissing, sneezing, coughing, or by sharing eating/drinking utensils.

37
Q

pathogenic organisms – what temp do they survive in & how long viable

A
38
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

39
Q

renin

A

Secreted in the urinary system (kidneys) and is involved with increasing blood pressure

40
Q

RhoGam

A

Rh immunoglobin
An injectable drug given to women with Rh-negative blood during pregnancy

41
Q

shapes for bacteria: spirilla, spirochetes & streptobacilli

A

spirilla: spiral shaped
spirochetes: tightly coiled
streptobacilli: chain

42
Q

stem cell

A

Undifferentiated cells that can become specialized cells in the body

43
Q

how to perform test for pinworms

A
  1. Tape tongue depressor with sticky side out
  2. Press against anal folds
  3. Place the tape, adhesive side down onto microscope slide
44
Q

homeostasis

A

A steady state that is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment .

45
Q

thym/o

A

Thymus

46
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid

47
Q

thrombocytosis

A

An increase in platelets (clot)

48
Q

tinea – different types

A

Tinea corporis: on trunk and limbs
Tenia cruris: on groin (jock itch)
Tenia capitis: on scalp
Tenia pedia: athlete’s foot

49
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

50
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsil

51
Q

tonsillectomy

A

Removal of tonsils

52
Q

toxicology

A

The study of poisonous substances and drugs, and their effects on the body

53
Q

Troponin

A

I and T
To aid in diagnosis of myocardial infarction

54
Q

spleen/o

A

spleen

55
Q

urology

A

Study of urine disorders

56
Q

the various types of needles and syringes used for phlebotomy

A

PPD: 1/4-1/2 in needle: 27 gauge: syringe 1mL
Subcut: 5/8 in needle: 25 gauge: syringe 3mL
IM & gluteal: 1 in needle: 21-23 gauge: syringe 3mL

57
Q

skin cleaning prep for phlebotomy

A

Alcohol wipes (up and down motion)
w/ friction, back and forth motion.

58
Q

sites for phlebotomy and sites you should not collect blood from

A

1: Antecubital space

Draw from cephalic (thumb side)

NO COLLECTING FROM basilic vein (little finger side)

59
Q

tests to detect strep throat and stomach ulcers

A

strep throat
- History and physical
- Rapid antigen test
- Throat culture

stomach ulcers
- History and physical
- Test for H. pylori
- Stomach biopsy
- Imaging tests –> Endoscopy, Xray after barium swallow

60
Q

technique for drawing blood

A

As a note…

When collecting LAST tube, pop tourniquet, remove full tube, cotton ball, remove needle and SAFETY!

61
Q

tube color for a routine CBC

A

Lavender

62
Q

tourniquet, where is it placed, how long should it be on and what happens if you go over this time

A

3-4 inches above elbow
1 minute

63
Q

needlestick safety and injury

A
  • Never recap
  • Use safety devices (with one hand)
  • Plan for safe handling and disposal before procedure
  • Dispose in appropriate containers
  • Report injury promptly
  • Participate in appropriate trainings
64
Q

blood components

A

Plasma (55%)
RBC (45%)
Platelets (< 1%)

65
Q

capillary blood components

A

Mixture of venous and arterial blood
small volume of tissue fluid present in first draw

66
Q

blood specimen rejection causes – which one happens frequently

A
67
Q

pregnancy test types

A

-Urine
-Lateral flow Immunoassay (most common)
-Quick vue

68
Q

urine samples, testing times, storing specimens

A

culture and sensitivity (C&S) 72 hours Store: room temperature

69
Q

urinalysis, values, color (abnormal & abnormal reasons), turbidity, specific gravity, glucose, ketones, nitrates

A

10-12 mL minimum vol. needed.
Color: pale, straw, yellow, amber, dark amber
Turbidity: Scale from clear to cloudy: caused by cells, bacteria, yeast, or crystals
SG: normal-1.005-1.030: a change in number = kidney disease
Glucose: reabsorbed in nephron tubule: if positive: diabetic
Ketones: End products of fat metabolism
Nitrates: if positive= UTI

70
Q

urinalysis for diabetes at home screening

A

clinitest

71
Q

pH, Creatinine & Ferritin test which functions

A

pH: acidity or alkalinity
Creatinine: measures how well kidneys are filtering waste from blood
Ferritin test: Will test iron level

72
Q

Clinitest

A

Based on the chemical reductions of copper, it is used to detect reducing substances (sugars) in the urine

73
Q

drug screening, chain of custody

A

legal term that refers to the ability to guarantee identity and integrity of specimen from collection to reporting of results

process used to maintain and document the history of a specimen

74
Q

what analytes will be positive in urine for a female that has a UTI

A

Nitrates

75
Q

urine smells of sweet or mousy, what conditions may be present

A

Urine smells sweet: Diabetes
Urine smells mousy (children):

76
Q

conditions where you will see decreased or increased RBC count

A

MA 23 Qt 2 (9 decks)

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