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MA 23 Qt 2 > EKG FInal Possible Questions > Flashcards

EKG FInal Possible Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Pulse Points found in Neck?

A

Carotid

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2
Q

Pulse Points found in Chest

A

Apical

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3
Q

Pulse Points found in Arm

A

Brachial

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4
Q

Pulse Points found in Wrist

A

Radial

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5
Q

Pulse Points found in Inguinal

A

Femoral

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6
Q

Pulse Points found behind the knee

A

Popliteal

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7
Q

Pulse Points found behind ankle

A

Posterior tibial (Tibialis posterior)

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8
Q

Pulse Points found on tip of Foot

A

Dorsalis Pedis

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9
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

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10
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

Right Atrium

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11
Q

Outer layer that covers the heart?

A

Pericardium

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12
Q

Muscle layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

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13
Q

Inner layer of the heart?

A

Endocardium

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14
Q

Blood flow through the heart
* Left atrium
* pulmonary veins
* tricuspid valve
* Right ventricle

A
  1. Tricuspid valve
  2. Right ventricle
  3. pulmonary veins
  4. Left Atrium
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15
Q

Blood flow through the heart
* Mitral valve
* Pulmonary arteries
* Right atrium
* Pulmonary veins

A
  1. Right Atrium
  2. Pulmonary arteries
  3. Pulmonary veins
  4. Mitral Valve
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16
Q

Blood flow through the heart
* Aortic valve
* Pulmonary valve
* Superior vena cava
* Pulmonary Trunk
* Left ventricle

A
  1. Superior vena cava
  2. Pulmonary Valve
  3. Pulmonary Trunk
  4. Left ventricle
  5. Aortic Valve
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17
Q

Which are the pulmonary circluation in blood flow?

A
  • Pulmonary valve
  • pulmonary trunk
  • Pulmonary Arteries
  • Lungs
  • Pulmonary veins
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18
Q

Which are the systemic circulation in blood flow?

A
  • Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
  • Right Atrium
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Right ventricle
  • Left Atrium
  • Bicuspid/Mitral valve
  • Left Ventricle
  • Aortic valve
  • Aorta
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19
Q

What is the normal rate of the SA node?

A

60-100 bpm

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20
Q

What is the normal rate of AV node?

A

40-60 bpm

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21
Q

What is the normal rate of the Bundle branches?

A

20-40 bpm

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22
Q

What is the normnal rate of the Purkinje Fibers?

A

20- 40bpm

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23
Q

What is the normal rate of Heart muscle cells?

A

Less than 20 bpm

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24
Q

Location of V1?

A

4th ICS, right of sternum

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25
Q

Location of V2?

A

4th ICS, left of sternum

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26
Q

Location of V3

A

Between V2 and V4

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27
Q

Location of V4

A

5th ICS, midclavicular line (MCL)

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28
Q

Location of V5

A

5th ICS, anterior axillary line (AAL)

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29
Q

Location of V6

A

5th ICS, midaxillary line (MAL)

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30
Q

Lead I

A

RA –>LA

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31
Q

Lead II

A

RA–>LL

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32
Q

Lead III

A

LA–>LL

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33
Q

What are the anchor points for Eindhoven’s Triange?

A
  • RA
  • LA
  • LL
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34
Q

What are the precordial leads?

A

Chest leads
V1- V6

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35
Q

What are the Augmented (unipolar) leads?

A

Start from the heart to
RA, LA, LL
* RA=aVR
* LA=aVL
* LL=aVF

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36
Q

What are the Bipolar leads (standard leads)?

A

Lead I : RA–>LA
Lead 2: RA–> LL
Lead 3: LA–LL

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37
Q

What is the heart rate for Normal Sinus Rhythm?

A

60-100 bpm

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38
Q

What is the heart rate for Sinus Bradycardia?

A

Less than 60 bpm

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39
Q

What is the heart rate for Sinus Tachycardia?

A

100-150 bpm

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40
Q

What is the normal PR interval?

A

0.12-0.20 seconds

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41
Q

What is the normal QRS duration?

A

0.06-0.10 seconds

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42
Q

What is the heart rate for Premature Atrial complex (PAC)?

A

60-100 bpm

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43
Q

What is the heart rate for Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)?

What classifies for a WAP?

A

60-100 bpm

3 or more different P waves

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44
Q

What is the heart rate for Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia?

A

101-150 bpm

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45
Q

What is the heart rate for Atrial flutter?

A

250-350 bpm

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46
Q

What is the heart rate for Atrial Fibrillation?

A

375-700 bpm

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47
Q

What is the heart rate for Premature Junctional complex (PJC)?

If PJC occurs more than 4-6 times/min, what might happen?

A

Depends on underlying rhythm

Hypotension may occur (and maybe V Tach)

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48
Q

What is the heart rate for Junctional Escape Rhythm?

A

40-60 bpm

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49
Q

What is the heart rate for Accelerated Junctional Rhythm?

A

60-100 bpm

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50
Q

What is the heart rate for Junctional Tachycardia

A

100-180 bpm

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51
Q

What is the heart rate for Supraventricular Tachycardia

A

150-250 bpm

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52
Q

Which heart block is this? Why?

A

First Degree Heart Block

Long and consistent PR interval

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53
Q

Which heart block is this? Why?

A

Third Degree Heart Block

Chaotic strip: Missing QRS, inconsistent PR Intervals

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54
Q

Which heart block is this? Why?

A

2nd Degree Heart Block
(Mobitz 1 or Wenchebach)

Longer, longer, longer drop PR interval

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55
Q

Which heart block is this? Why?

A

2nd Degree Heart Block
(Mobitz 2)

Long Consistent PR intervals, QRS missing

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56
Q

What is a ventricular dysrhythmia?

A

When the heart current is initiated within the purkinje fibers, unable to travel the normal conduction pathway.

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57
Q

How to spot a Ventricular Dysrhythmia

A

QRS duration measurement is 0.12 or greater (wide and bizarre complex)

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58
Q

What is a Premature Ventricular Complex (PVC)?

A

An ectopic impulse that occurs early in the cycle and originates from the ventricles

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59
Q

What is a Unifocal PVC?

A

All complexes have a similar shape, only one irritable focus present

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60
Q

What is a multifocal PVC?

A

Varied shapes and forms, more than one irritable focus

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61
Q

What is Bigeminy?

A

Every other complex is a PVC

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62
Q

What is a Trigeminy?

A

Every third complex is a PVC

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63
Q

What is a Quadgeminy?

A

Every fourth complex is a PVC

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64
Q

What is Coupling PVC?

A

Two PVCs that occur back to back

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65
Q

Which rhythm strip is this?

When does this occur?

A

Agonal Rhythm

When all pacemakers in the heart have failed. Heart is dying.

66
Q

Which rhythm strip is this?

When does this occur?

A

Idioventricular Rhythm

When SA and junctional pacemakers fail to initiate an impulse all that remains is the slow ventricular pacemaker (20-40 bpm)

67
Q

What rhythm strip is this?

When does this occur?

A

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm

When SA and junctional pacemakers fail to initate w/ wide QRS complex

68
Q

What rhythm strip is this?

When does this occur?

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

When 3 or more PVCs occur in a row and rate is 100 bpm

69
Q

What rhythm strip is this?

When does this occur?

A

Torsade de Pointes

Result of electrolyte deficiencies

70
Q

What is the difference between ventricular tachycardia and Torsade de Pointes?

A

The morphology of the ventricular depolarization.
V tach= consistent
Torsade de Pointes= changing voltages

71
Q

What rhythm strip is this?

When does this occur?

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

When isolated portions of the ventricles depolarize causing quivering randomly instead of fully contracting

72
Q

How to identify a BBB?

A

The underlying rhythm has a P wave and QRS complex is 0.12 seconds or greater

73
Q

What is RBBB?

A

Right Bundle Branch Block
When block occurs in right bundle branch and the current has to travel down the left bundle branch to activate the ventricles

Positive deflection

74
Q

RBBB is referred to as?

A

Bunny ears

75
Q

What is LBBB?

A

When the left conduction pathway is blocked and the current has to travel down the right bundle branch to cause the right ventricle, septum, and then left ventricle to depolarize.

Negative deflection

76
Q

Which Bundle Branch Block is this?

A

Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)

77
Q

Which Bundle Branch Block is this?

A

Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)

78
Q

semi / hemi

A

half

79
Q

uni / mono

A

one

80
Q

bi / di

A

two

81
Q

tri

A

three

82
Q

quad

A

four

83
Q

Na

A

sodium

84
Q

K

A

potassium

85
Q

Au

A

Gold

86
Q

Ag

A

Silver

87
Q

c/o

A

complains of

88
Q

CC

A

chief complaint

89
Q

Hx

A

history

90
Q

Tx

A

treatment

91
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis/ diagnoses

92
Q

Rx

A

Prescriptions

93
Q

H & P

A

History & Physical

94
Q

NKA

A

No known allergies

95
Q

NKDA

A

No know drug allergies

96
Q

QD

A

everyday

97
Q

BID

A

twice a day, 2x day

98
Q

TID

A

Thrice a day, 3x day

99
Q

QID

A

4x day

100
Q

hs

A

hours of sleep / bedtime

101
Q

ac

A

antecibum/ before meals

102
Q

pc

A

postcibum / after meals

103
Q

PO

A

by mouth

104
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

105
Q

PR

A

per rectum

106
Q

PRN

A

as needed

107
Q

STAT

A

now/ immediately

108
Q

peri

A

around

109
Q

para

A

nearby / beside

110
Q

extra

A

beyond / in addition

111
Q

hyper

A

high / excessive / above

112
Q

hypo / sub

A

under / low / below / inside / deficient

113
Q

intra

A

within / inner / inside

114
Q

Inter

A

between

115
Q

trans

A

across

116
Q

Erythro

A

red

117
Q

leuko

A

white

118
Q

cyano

A

blue

119
Q

melano

A

black

120
Q

chloro

A

green

121
Q

xantho

A

yellow

122
Q

crani/o

A

head

123
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

124
Q

ophthalmo

A

eye

125
Q

oto

A

ear

126
Q

naso/rhino

A

nose

127
Q

bucco

A

cheek

128
Q

thoraco

A

chest

129
Q

mammo

A

breast

130
Q

brachio

A

arm

131
Q

carpo

A

wrist

132
Q

digital

A

finger(s)

133
Q

gastro

A

stomach

134
Q

entero

A

intestine

135
Q

hepato

A

liver

136
Q

popiteal

A

behind the knee

137
Q

Lanoxin, Digoxin (xin)

A

cardiac glycoside/inotropic

138
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium channel blockers

139
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta Blockers

140
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE Inhibitors

141
Q

Warfarin

A

Antiplatelet/ Thrombolytic

Blood thinners

142
Q

Metaformin

A

Antihyperglycemic

143
Q

Atorvastatin (statin)

A

Antihyperlipidemic/ cholesterol lowering drug

144
Q

Penicillin

A

antibiotic

145
Q

Albuterol

A

beta agonist/bronchodilator

forces muscle spasms to relax

146
Q

Prednisone

A

anti-inflammatory

147
Q

Senekot

A

laxative

148
Q

Symptoms of Right-sided CHF

A
  • JVD- jugular vein distension
  • Enlarged liver
  • Ascites
  • Pedal edema
149
Q

Symptoms of Left-sided CHF

A
  • Rales / Crackles
  • Dyspnea / Shortness of Breath
  • Cyanotic
  • Pallor (pale)
150
Q

Symptoms of Ventricular Fibrillations

A
  • No pulse/ pulseless
  • Apnea/ apneic
  • Unresponsive
151
Q

Symptoms of Low Cardiac Output

A
  • Cyanotic/pale
  • Lethargic (sluggish)
  • Fatigue
  • Hypotension/ Low bp
  • Dizziness
152
Q

What is CABG?
What does it do?

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
-Take vessel to bypass a blockage in the coronary artery

153
Q

Paper speed

A

25 mm/sec

154
Q

Gain

A

10 mm/mV

155
Q

OPQRST Mnemonic “O”

A

Onset

156
Q

OPQRST Mnemonic “P”

A

Provoke or Palliate

157
Q

OPQRST Mnemonic “Q”

A

Quality

158
Q

OPQRST Mnemonic “R”

A

Radiation/ region

159
Q

OPQRST Mnemonic “S”

A

Severity/scale

160
Q

OPQRST Mnemonic “T”

A

Time

MA 23 Qt 2 (9 decks)

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