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Physical Disabilities > Final: Pain > Flashcards

Final: Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Pain how is it defined?

A

As an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage.

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2
Q

Ture or False. Is pain subjective and multifaceted?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What factors can affect pain?

A

Mood, attention, prior pain experiences, familial factors, cultural factors.

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4
Q

True or False? The number of Americans with chronic pain is greater than those with DM, heart disease, and cancer combined?

A

Ture

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5
Q

What is Acute Pain? and what causes it?

A 
Caused by tissue irritation or damage due to injury, disease or disability
Has defined onset
Serves a biological purpose 
predictable 
responds to medication or treatment.
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6
Q

What is Chronic Pain, and what causes it?

A

Does not serve a biologic purpose
Unpredictable
Does not respond to routine interventions
Often causes changes in personality, lifestyle, and functional ability.
Associated with depression and anxiety
Lasting longer than 6 months.

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7
Q

What is Allodynia?

A

Pain associated with a stimulus that is not normally painful (light touch).

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8
Q

What is Analgesia?

A

Absence of pain response to a stimulus that should be a painful (burn)

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9
Q

What is Hyperalgesia?

A

Increased sensitivity to stimuli (includes allodynia and hyperesthesia)

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10
Q

What is Hyperesthesia ?

A

Increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli

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11
Q

What is Hyperpathia/

A

Abnormal painful reaction to stimuli (especially repetitive) often includes the extended duration of pain, frequently with a delay.

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12
Q

What is Hyopesthesia?

A

Decreased sensitivity to stimuli

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13
Q

What is Nociception?

A

Response to a noxious stimulus that produces pain under normal circumstances.

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14
Q

What is Sympathetic pain?

A

Pain associated with an over-action of sympathetic pain fibers (CRPS).

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15
Q

What is Neuropathic pain?

A

Pain from nerves.

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16
Q

What is Biopsychosocial model of pain?

A

Focuses on the interaction between body, mind, and environment.
Conceptualizes the multilayered nature of pain
Pain behaviors can exist in the absence of nociception

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17
Q

What are four distinct domains of Biopsychosocial Model of pain?

A

Nociception - A delta/C fibers tells the body to react to pain. (stove/hand).
Pain
Suffering
Pain behavior

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18
Q

What are common pain syndromes?

A 
Headache 
Low back pain
Arthritis 
Complex regional pain syndrome 
Myofascial pain syndrome
Fibromyalgia
Cancer pain
disability-related pain
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19
Q

What is Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)?

A

Previously known as Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
No clear cause
no precise wat to diagnose
no gold standard treatment

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20
Q

What are the two types of CRPS?

A

CRPS I - No known cause

CRPS II - Same s/s of I but directly related to a nerve injury.

21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of CRPS?

A

Severe pain out of proportion (often refused to be touched)
Swelling
Stiffness
Discoloration
Decreased function
Vasomotor changes - changes in color and temperature
Sudomotor changes - changes in sweat
Trophic changes - changes in nails, fingers pad and skin appearance, bone health.
Pilomotor changes - changes in goosebumps response.

22
Q

What are Vasomotor changes?

A

changes in color and temperature

23
Q

What are Sudomotor changes?

A

changes in sweat

24
Q

What are Trophic changes?

A

changes in nails, fingers pad and skin appearance, bone health.

25
Q

What are Pilomotor changes

A

changes in goosebumps response.

26
Q

CRPS medical management include/

A 
Medications; 
Opiates
topical agents
anticonvulsants
antidepressant 
corticosteroids, NSAID's
Nerve blocks 
Neuromodulations (spinal cord stim)
27
Q

Occupational therapy and CPRS?

A 
Evaluation - pain, rom, edema, functional limitations, system changes
Education - on importance of ROM, pain modulation, smoking cessation 
Management of self-care tasks
Adaptive equipment 
ROM exercises 
Edema management 
Splinting 
Graded motor imagery 
Desensitization 
Massage 
Modalities 
Stress loading 
contrast baths 
THERE IS NO UNIVERSAL TREATMENT FOR CRPS
28
Q

Myofascial Pain Syndrom what is it?

A 
Muscle pain
presence of trigger points 
Pressure on trigger points causes pain to the well-defined distal area 
Usually constant dull ache 
Commonly found in the UT
29
Q

Interventions for Myofascial pain?

A

Needing
Manual therapy
modalities

30
Q

Myofascial pain assessments?

A 
Numeric analog scales 
Visual analog scales
Verbal rating scale
Graphic representations 
Pain questionnaire
31
Q

What are Numeric analog scales

A

Line with marking from 0-5,10,20 is used to indicate pain level

32
Q

What is a Visual analog scale?

A

The patient uses a 10 cm line to indicate pain level

33
Q

What is the Verbal rating scale?

A

The patient describes pain in 4/5 words

34
Q

What are Graphic representations?

A

Making pain on a body chart

35
Q

What is a pain questionnaire?

A

Written a standardized questionnaire.

36
Q

What to include during the pain interview?

A 
Level of pain
Location of pain
Type of pain
frequency of pain
causes of pain
duration of pain
37
Q

What are some of the interventions for pain Myofascial pain ?

A 
Medications 
Activity tolerance 
body mechanics and posture training 
energy conservation, pacing and joint protection 
splinting 
adaptive equipment 
relaxation 
biofeedback 
distraction 
rest
immobilization 
elevation 
soft tissue massage
AROM
ergonomic education 
therapeutic modalities 
TENS
prevention of future flares.
38
Q

An occupational therapist is working with a pt recently diagnosed with CRPS. The most appropriate intervention approach to reduce pain would be?

A

Biofeedback

39
Q

A patient you are evaluating yelps and pulls their hand way when you lightly touch the top of their hand. You document that this patient is experiencing?

A

Allodynia

40
Q

A chronic patient reports he does not leave the house most days due to his pain. He reports he is not willing to try therapy because he knows everything will hurt and there is no way he will get any better. This patient is demonstrating

A

Pain Behavior

41
Q

You are treating a patient with a distal radius fracture treated non-operatively 4 wks since injury. They arrive for their evaluation reporting pain of a 10. Their hand is swollen, red and held in an position of deformity. They report their is no way you are touching their hand. What might they be experiencing?

A

CRPS

42
Q

What are signs of CRPS?

A

All of these answers

43
Q

Pain is subjective

A

True

44
Q

Chronic pain is a normal response to injury?

A

False

45
Q

You perform gentle passive ROM on your patients shoulder. They seem to be tolerate the treatment well. They tell you a few hours later they were in excruciating pain that lasted days. This may be an example of what type of pain response?

A

Hyperpathia

46
Q

When evaluating a chronic pain patient it is important to ask about what?

A

All of these answers

47
Q

Which of the following is not a OT intervention for pain?

A

Pushing through it

48
Q

Suffering according to biopsychosocial model of pain?

A

The negative effects response to pain

49
Q

Pain behavior biopsychosocial model of pain?

A

What an individual says/does or does not say or do leading others to believe they are in pain.
Pain behavior is influenced by culture, family, experiences, and environment

Physical Disabilities (12 decks)

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