Final: Ophthalmology Flashcards
What is the most common cause of miosis?
Uveitits
(other possibiltiy= corneal disease, or drugs)
How are uveal cysts treated? Do they need to be treated?
Diode laser ablation
In horses they must be treated (impede vision)
What are the Stars of Winslow?
End on capillaries of the choriocapillaris
What does a steeper eyelash angle indicate?
Bleparospasm - PAIN
How do you open the eyelids?
Index finger engages supraciliary sulcus
Sedation: xylazine, detomidine, torb, romifidine
Nerve blocks
What are the 3 spots that you can block to obtain akinesia of the upper eyelid? What nerve are you blocking?
Caudal to posterior ramus of mandible
Dorsal to highest point of zygomatic arch
Zygomatic arch caudal to bony process of frontal bone
Auriculopalpebral nerve
Where do you block the frontal nerve?
Supraorbital foramen
Blue in pic
What can you do to overcome the challenge of having to use eyedrops in a horse? What is required to place this?
Place a Subpalpebral Lavage (SPL)
Sedation (detomidine +/- torb, topical AX (propara or teracane), nerve blocks (frontal and auriculopalp))
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/288/731/227/a_image_thumb.png?1512933109)
What is the most common cause of blindness in horses? Which breeds are at-risk?
Equine recurrent uveitis (Moon blindness, periodic ophthalmia)
Appaloosas, Drafts, European warmbloods
What is the most commonly implicated/suspected trigger for moon blindness?
Leptospirosis
What clinical signs are seen in recurrent uveitis when the infection is acute and active?
Aqueous flare
Hypopyon
Fibrin (yellow hue)
Hyphema
Miosis
Iris hyperpigmentation
What clinical signs are seen in recurrent uveitis when the infection is chronic and active?
Band keratopathy (mineral infiltrates into the cornea)
Glaucoma: episcleral injection, buphthalmos, corneal edema
What are some scars of ERU that interfere with vision?
Posterior synecia
Cataract formation (blinding)
Phthisis bulbi (blinding)
Retinal degeneration/detachment (blinding)
Optic nerve degeneration
What is the treatment plan for active ERU?
Systemic NSAIDs (Banamine, Phenybutazone, Aspirin)
Systemic corticosteroids (Prednisone, Dexamthasone - caution LAMINITIS )
Systemic antibiotics (Doxycyline- based on titer)
Topical steroids (Pred- C/O’d w/ CORNEAL DISEASE )
Topical NSAIDs (Flurbiprofen, Diclofenac)
Topical mydriatics (Atropine- caution COLIC)
Treat for at least 2 weeks post resulution
What is the referral treatment option for ERU?
Cyclosporin implants
Effective for over 2 years