Final old test Part 2 Flashcards
- Transcriptional _______________ bind the regulatory DNA sequences and stimulate transcription. These… such as mediators.
Activators
- The DNA sequence to which RNA polymerase bind to initiate transcription of a gene is called _____________
Promoter
- The role of the sigma factor in prokaryotes transcription is to __________ to bind to different transcription sites under different conditions
Direct RNA polymerase
- RNA synthesis continues until the polymerase encounters a stop signal. The most common stop signal in prokaryotes is __________________ followed by snoRNA residues
Inverted repeats of GC-rich sequence
Eukaryote RNA polymerase II genes code for __________-
mRNAs
- Processing of pre-tRNAs to produce tRNAs involve: ____________________
Cleavage of the pre-tRNAs by the enzyme known as RNaseP
Addition of CCA termination the 3’ end
Modification of bases at specific positions
Processing of RNA transcripts occur with ___________, rRNA and mRNA
tRNA
Splicing of the pre-mRNAs takes place in large complexes, called splicesomes, which have five types of _____________
Small nuclear RNAs (snRNA)
Which of the following is not an example of a transcription factor DNA binding domain?
Acidic bases
- In eukaryotes premRNA are extensively modified before export into the nucleus. The 5’ end of the transcript is modified by____________________
methylguanesine cap
- Promoter contain several different sequence elements surround their transcript sites. The ____________
TATA box
Eukaryotic gene repressor proteins are thought to act by _______________
Prevent binding of activator to the DNA
Interactions/ medical inhibiting factors. Inhibiting transcription
aminoacyl RNA synthesase are enzymes that ____________
Attach amino acids
- Ribosomes are named according to their sedimentation rate in ultra-centrifuging. The combined size of prokaryote and eukaryote ribosomes are
70 and 80s
During transcription the codons on the mRNA are recognized by complementary base paring to the anticodon on the ___________.
tRNA
Translation occurs in three stages which on is not one of these stages?
Epigenetic modification
The ribosome had three binding sites, which one is incorrect?
TC terminations
The elongation factor that brings the tRNA to the aminoacyl tRNA to the eukaryotic ribosomes , then the release of GTP base paring is ____________
EFF-1 alpha
In eukaryotes translation always starts with ________
EIF5
Elongation continues until a stop codon is translocated into the A site. _______ recognize the signals and terminate protein synthesis
Release factors
The amount of protein in a cell is regulated by the _____________
Transcription agents
Translation of its mRNA
Degradation of the protein
Which one is correct about small interfering RNAs (siRNAS)?
Produced by double stranded RNAs by the nuclease dicer
Generally pair with their targets and induce cleavage of mRNA
One stranded siRNAs –>complex (RISC)
Phosphorylation of eukaryotes initiates factors 2(ELF2) and 2B (ELF2B) by regulatory protein kinase.
Blocks their exchange of bound GDP for GTP inhibiting initiation of transcription
A signal peptase removes __________- from a polypeptide chain after it process through the channel into the rough ER
Removes a signal sequence
Cells can regulate the amount and activities of their proteins by the following mechanism :
Regulation of small molecules
Phosphorylation
Protein-protein interaction
Proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation of enzymes called ________
Protein kinases
A major protein degradation pathway, a short polypeptide called ________ attaches to a protein to target it for degradation
Ubiquinone
The signals that identify identify initiation codon are different in prokaryote than
eukaryotic cells. In Prokaryotes mRNA are preceded by ____________
Shine Dalagarno sequence
??????????CAMP activates CAMP dependent proteins kinase by?
??????Binding requitioy subunits and reducing merine release from catouric subunits
The eukaryotic 45S proteins transcript codes for _________ rRNAs
28S, 18S, and 5.8S
In cotranslation translocation signal sequences are recognized and bound by ___________
Signal recognition particle
???????32. The sequence Lus-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) serves on an ER retention by binding KDEL ________ two proteins from the Golgi apparatus back to the ER
??????????????
Protein folding in the ER is assisted by ___________
Bip
Which of the following classes of lipids is synthesized in the Gogli?
Glycolipids
?????Many proteins insert directly into the ER membrane through _______, recognized by SR1 not degraded by signal peptase.
??????
New phospholipids are added only to cytosolic half of ER…. Passage of polar head through membrane, facilitated by ____________
Flippase
