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Molecular Cell Biology Jessica > Final old test complete option part 2 > Flashcards

Final old test complete option part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Transcriptional _____________ bind to regulatory DNA sequences and stimulate transcription. These factors have two independent domains. One binds to DNA and the other stimulates transcription by interacting with other proteins such as mediator

a. Promoters
b. Activators
c. Carboxy terminal domains
d. TFIIE.

A

A

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2
Q
  1. DNA sequence to which an RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of a gene is called ___________.
    a. Enhancer
    b. Promoter
    c. Polymerase-binding element
    d. Origin of transcription
A

B

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3
Q
  1. The role of σ-factor in prokaryote transcription is to _____________
    a. Terminate transcription
    b. Direct RNA polymerase to bind to different transcription start sites under different conditions
    c. Recognize splice site of RNA
    d. All of the above
A

B

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4
Q
  1. RNA synthesis continues until polymerase encounters a stop signal. The most common stop signal is _____________.
    a. Formation of DNA methylation
    b. Binding of Rho protein to end of mRNA
    c. Bonding of σ factor to the end of mRNA
    d. Inverted repeat of GC-rich sequence followed by 7A residues
A

D

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5
Q
  1. Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II genes code for
    a. mRNA
    b. tRNA
    c. snRNA, scRNA
    d. ribosomal RNA
A

A

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6
Q
  1. Processing of pre-tRNA to produce tRNA involves
    a. Cleavage of pre-tRNA by RNase P
    b. Addition of CCA terminus to 3’ end
    c. Modification of bases at specific points
    d. All of the above
A

D

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7
Q
  1. Processing of RNA transcripts occurs ______________
    a. Only in eukaryotic cells
    b. Only with mRNA transcripts
    c. Only rRNA and tRNA transcripts
    d. tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA transcripts
A

D

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8
Q
  1. Spliceosomes have five types of ___________.
    a. scRNA
    b. snRNA
    c. microRNA
    d. siRNA
A

B

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9
Q
  1. Which is not an example of transcription factor DNA binding domain?
    a. Helix-turn-helix
    b. Acidic-basic
    c. Helix-loop-helix
    d. Zinc finger
A

B

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10
Q
  1. In eukaryotes, pre-mRNAs are extensively modified before export from the nucleus. The 5’ end of the transcript is modified by ________
A

a. Adding a 7-methylguanosine cap

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11
Q
  1. The ______________ resembles the -10 sequence of bacterial promoters.
    a. TATA box
    b. AAAAAA
    c. Polymerase II
    d. Mediator
A

a. TATA box

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12
Q
  1. Eukaryotic gene repressor proteins are thought to act by ____________
    a. Binding to DNA sites in competition and prevent binding of activators to DNA
    b. Interacting with mediator inhibiting transcription
    c. Interacting with transcription factors, inhibiting transcription
    d. All of the above
A

d

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13
Q
  1. Aminoacyl tRNA synthases are enzymes that _______________
A

a. Attach amino acids to specific tRNAs.

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14
Q
  1. During translation, the codons on the mRNA are recognized by complementary base pairing to the anticodon on the _____________
A

a. tRNA

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15
Q
  1. Translation occurs in 3 stages. Which is NOT one of these stages?
A

a. Epigenetic modification

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16
Q
  1. The ribosome has 3 binding sites. Which of these is NOT one of them?
A

a. T (termination)

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17
Q
  1. Elongation factor that brings aminoacyl tRNA to the eukaryotic ribosome and then releases with GTP hydrolysis following correct codon/anticodon base pairing is
A

d. eEF-1 α

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18
Q
  1. In eukaryotes, translation always starts with
    a. Any amino acid
    b. Glutamate
    c. Methionine
    d. Arginine
A

c. Methionine

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19
Q
  1. Elongation continues until a stop codon is translocated to the A sites. _________ recognizes and terminates protein synthesis.
    a. Any tRNA
    b. Release factors
    c. eIF-5
    d. methionyl tRNA
A

B. Release factors

20
Q
  1. Amount of protein in a cell is regulated by rate of
    a. transcription of its gene
    b. translation of mRNA
    c. degradation of protein
    d. all of the above
A

D

21
Q
  1. Which is correct about siRNA?
    a. Produced from double stranded RNA by dicer
    b. One strand of siRNA is incorporated into RISC
    c. Generally pair with their targets and induce cleavage of mRNA
    d. All of the above
A

D

22
Q
  1. Phosphorylation of eIF2 and eIF2B by regulatory protein kinases ______________.
    a. Allows them to elongate transcription
    b. Allows them to initiate translation
    c. Blocks exchange of bound GDP from GTP, inhibiting initiation of translation
    d. Blocks termination of translation
A

C

23
Q
  1. Proteins that facilitate folding of other proteins are called _____________.
    a. Foldases
    b. Binding proteins
    c. Chaperones
    d. Escorts
A

C

24
Q
  1. __________ caralyzes disulfide bond formation. It is abundant in the ER, where oxidizing environment and S-S linkages are abundant.
A

a. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)

25
Q
  1. A signal peptidase _____________.
    a. Removes signal sequence from polypeptide chain after it passes through a channel into the rough ER
    b. Attaches signal sequence to growing polypeptide chain before passing through to the rough ER
    c. Adds release factor to polypeptide
    d. Removes poly A tail from polypeptide chain
A

A

26
Q
  1. Cells can regulate the amounts and activities of their proteins by
    a. Regulation of small molecules
    b. Phosphorylation
    c. Protein-protein interactions
    d. a and c
    e. All of the above
A

E

27
Q
  1. Proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation by enzymes called
    a. Protein phosphatases
    b. Phosphoproteases
    c. Protein phosphorylases
    d. Protein kinases
A

D

28
Q
  1. In a major protein degradation pathway, a short polypeptide called __________ is attached to a protein to target for destruction.
    a. Glutathione
    b. Ubquiontone
    c. Ubiquitin
    d. KDEL
A

C

29
Q
  1. Signals that identify initiation codons are different in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Initiation codons in bacterial mRNAs are preceeded by ____________ that aligns mRNA.
    a. APO-B100
    b. 5’ methylguinosine cap
    c. Shine-Delgarno sequence
    d. Elongation factor
A

C

30
Q
  1. cAMP activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase by ___________________.
    a. Stimulating its phosphorylation
    b. Stimulating dimerization of kinase subunits
    c. Stimulating release of translational inhibitory protein bound to mRNA
    d. Binding to regulatory subunits and inducing release from catalytic subunits
A

D

31
Q
  1. The nuclear lamina is built of proteins called
    a. Lamins
    b. Laminons
    c. Nucleins
    d. Nucleoplasmins
A

A

32
Q
  1. Nuclear pores are organized with _____ symmetry.
    a. Sixfold
    b. Eightfold
    c. Ninefold
    d. Tenfold
A

B

33
Q
  1. Nuclear localization signal is typically _____________ and rich in amino acids ______________.
    a. α helix; Pro, Lys, Arg
    b. α helix; Leu, Phe, Gly
    c. short sequence; Lys, Arg
    d. short sequence; Pro, Leu, Gly
A

C

34
Q
  1. Nuclear localization signal is recognized by and binds to which protein for nuclear protein import?
    a. Ran
    b. Importin
    c. Exportin
    d. Outer fibril protein
A

B

35
Q
  1. Export or FNA from nucleus occurs primarily by
    a. Passive diffusion through nuclear pore complexes
    b. Passive diffusion through nuclear envelope membrane
    c. Selective transport through nuclear pore complexes.
A

C

36
Q
  1. Which about snRNA is true?
    a. Synthesized in nucleus and function in cytoplasm
    b. Synthesized in cytoplasm and function in nucleus
    c. Synthesized in nucleus, function in nucleus without passing to cytoplasm
    d. Synthesized in nucleus, move to cytoplasm to pick up proteins, return to nucleus
A

D

37
Q
  1. Highly condensed, transcriptionally inactive domains are _________
A

a. Heterochromatin

38
Q
  1. Cajal bodies represent sites of
    a. DNA replication
    b. snRNP processing and assembly
    c. large ribosomal subunit assembly
    d. small ribosomal subunit assembly
A

b. snRNP processing and assembly

39
Q
  1. The eukaryotic 45S pre-rRNA transcript codes for
A

a. 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNA

40
Q
  1. which of the following does not take place in the nucleus?
A

a. Translation

41
Q
  1. In the cotranslation translocation signal sequences are recognized and bound by ________
A

a. SRP (signal recognition particle)

42
Q
  1. The sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) serves as an ER retention by binding KDEL that __________ the proteins from the Golgi apparatus back to the ER
A

a. Transports

43
Q
  1. Protein folding in the ER is assisted by _________
A

a. BiP

44
Q
  1. Which of the following classes of lipids is synthesized in the Golgi?
A

a. Glycolipids

45
Q
  1. Many proteins inserted directly to ER membrane by ___________ recognized by SR-6, not cleaved by signal peptidase.
A

a. Internal signal sequence,

46
Q
  1. New phospholipids are added only to the cytosolic half of the ER…passage of polar head through membrane is facilitated by
A

a. flippases

Molecular Cell Biology Jessica (33 decks)

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