Final old test complete option part 3 Flashcards
- Vesicles that carry proteins from the ER to the Golgi are
a. COPII-coated
- Major molecule of vesicle fusion. Target membrane driven by interaction call vesicle & target
a. SNARES
- Lysosomes contain 60 enzymes that are degradable…if you have an enzyme deficiency, you have _________________, leading to hydrolysis of gluycosylceramide to glucose and ceramide (toxic)
a. Gaucher’s disease
- Actin exists in cells in two major forms: __________ and _______
a. F-actin and G-actin (fibrous and globular)
- Branching of actin filaments is initiated by
a. Arp2/3
- Actin filaments bound into bundles of parallel filaments by _________
a. α-actin and fimbrin
- In actin filament assembly, monomers added to barbed end and then removed from pointed end are in a process called ______________
a. Treadmilling
- Muscle contraction in A-band ________
a. Stays the same width, I and H band shorten.
- Myosin ______ is present in muscle sarcomeres.
a. II
- Microtubules are assembled from _____________
a. Dimers of α and β tubulin
- Which nucleotide triphosphate is hydrolyzed during a cycle of microtubule assembly & disassembly?
a. GTP (nucleotide triphosphate)
- Microtubules rapidly depolymerizing and growing is a process called ________________
a. Dynamic instability
- Major microtubule-organizing centers is _____________
a. Centrosome
- The role of centrosomes ______________
a. Initiate microtubule growth
- Microtubules overlap in the center of the mitotic spindle called the ___________ area
a. Polar
- What does cofilin do?
a. Disassembly of actin filaments
- Actin is cross-linked into parallel bundles and __________
a. Contractile bundles
- What is the basis of muscle contraction?
a. Sliding filament mechanism of actin and myosin fibers passing over each other
- Which is true of all kinesins and dyneins?
a. They are microtubule-dependent motors
- Extracellular gels form from GAGs (repeating units of disaccharides). Which is not a disaccharide?
a. Fibronectin
- Contractile rings of ________ and myosin II are assembled by membrane-bound myosin.
a. Actin
- Major cell surface receptors => attachment of cells to extracellular matrix are ________
a. Integrins
- Adherens junctions are linked to cytoplasmic __________________
a. Actin filaments
- Desmosome junctions are linked to cytoplasmic _______________
a. Intermediate filaments
a. Intermediate filaments
a. Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline
- Specific recognition between cell types like leukocytes and endothelial cells are mediated by cell-surface glycoprotein ___________
a. Selectins
- Hemophilic interactions happen ___________ molecules of the same molecular class
a. Among adhesion
- Junctions that allow ions to diffuse freely are _______
a. Gap junctions
- Communication junctions in plants are ______________
a. Plasmodesmata
- Integrins are a type of
a. Transmembrane protein
- Cell-cell adhesions are mediated by 4 groups of adhesion molecules. Which of these is NOT an adhesion molecule?
a. Collagen
- Cell-cell signaling. The cell signaling is mediated by secreted molecules that include
a. Endocrine signaling
b. Paracrine signaling
c. Autocrine signaling
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
- Stimulation of T-lymphocytes lead to their own synthesis of growth factors. This is an example of
a. Autocrine signaling
- The term “paracrine signaling” means
a. Signaling between cells located close to each other
