Final (New Material) Flashcards
The zebra is the natural host for this Reovirus (Genus Orbivirus) that can infect horses and cause respiratory (pulmonary edema) and cardiac signs. It is spread by insects
African horse sickness
Can Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) cause disease in cattle?
primarily affects deer;
Primarily, no, but there has been some association with sporadic disease and death
This group of species-specific viruses is associated with gastroenteritis in a variety of young farm animals. It infects the tips of villi and causes diarrhea, sometimes called “calf scours”
Rotaviruses
Name 3 families of viruses that undergo reassortment due to their segmented genomes
Orthomyxoviridae
Reoviridae
Bunyaviridae
This disease primarily affects chicks 2-3 weeks in age and causes a swollen, edematous bursa
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)
Birnaviridae
Name the 4 viral families included in the order Mononegvirales
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae
Bornaviridae
Name 3 shared characteristics of the viruses included in Mononegvirales
1) single segment of negative sense RNA
2) enveloped
3) replicate in cytoplasm (EXCEPT BORNA)
What replicative enzyme is needed by negative sense RNA viruses
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
This disease, which was globally eradicated in 2011, can cause acute disease in ruminants and leaves a characteristic zebra-stripped pattern on the intestinal mucosa
Rinderpest virus
Causative agent of goat plague?
Peste des petits ruminants virus
This Paramyxovirus is usually seen in younger or older dogs and is characterized by respiratory signs, hyperkeratosis of footpads and nose, and CNS signs
Canine distemper virus
Unique feature of canine distemper virus on histopathology?
causes both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
A zoonotic paramyxovirus (Morbillivirus) associated with encephalitis in swine and people; found in Malaysia
Nipah virus
Which two strains of newcastle disease virus are associated with 100% mortality
viscerotropic
neurotropic
The most important avian paramyxovirus that causes disease worldwide; strain determines clinical signs but usually associated with respiratory signs (gasping and rales); can also have neurological signs with some strains that includes wing paralysis
Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
Because Paramyxoviruses are _________, they can be controlled using?
enveloped; disinfectants and restriction of animal movement
Associated with corneal opacity in young pigs and reproductive failure in sows; foreign animal disease
Blue eye disease in pigs
Name 2 paramyxoviruses that are part of the bovine respiratory disease complex
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus & Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (PI3)
Unlike others, the rabies vaccine is a ______ vaccine that requires _____ dose(s).
Killed vaccine; 1 dose
This Rhabdovirus is associated with vesicle development on the tongue and oral mucous membranes of horses, cattle, and pigs
Vesicular Stomatitis virus
Vesicular Stomatitis virus causes what type of illness in people
flu-like symptoms
This disease is characterized by a bi- or polyphasic fever in cattle; can also see depression, lameness, and stiffness
Bovein ephemeral fever
Filoviruses are level ___ pathogens because of their _____ potential?
level 4 due to epidemic potential
Two important Filoviruses that affect people and are characterized by uncontrollable, profuse bleeding and a high rate of mortality
Marburgvirus & Ebolavirus
T/F: Dogs are significant source of disease for spread of ebola?
False
This virus is associated with T-cell mediated meningoencephalitis in horses and sheep and is not found in the US; mortality rates can reach 100%
Borna disease virus
The viral family associated with influenza disease of people and animals
Orthomyxoviridae
2 important surface peoplomers of Orthomyxoviruses and their functions?
1) Hemagglutinin–aids virus attachment
2) Neuraminidase–promotes entry into and release from cells
Wild birds are the reservoir for this respiratory disease of fowl; clinical signs include respiratory distress, diarrhea, cyanosis, and lacrimation
Avian influenza (Fowl plague or Highly pathogenic avian influenza)
Name 2 other diseases that present similarly to avian influenza
newcastle disease; fowl cholera
Which genus of Bunyaviridae are not arboviruses?
Hantavirus
Name 2 Bunyaviridae viruses that are associated with congenital defect such as arthrogryposis & hydranencephaly
Akabane virus
Schmallenberg virus
Which Bunyavirus genus, maintained in rodent reservoirs, causes the most severe disease in people
Hantavirus
This arenavirus is maintained in the rodent population where it doesn’t cause disease; however, it is zoonotic and can be associated with flu-like symptoms or severe encephalomyelitis in people
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
This RNA virus has a large genome, leaving it prone to a high mutation rate
Coronaviridae
When comparing FECV and FIP, which is transmissible?
FECV
FIP causes damage primarily through formation of?
Immune-complexes
This coronavirus may not be able to cause disease in dogs, but it is associated with another antigenically distinct virus that can cause respiratory disease in kenneled dogs
Canine coronavirus (variable potential to cause disease)
Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCov)
This coronavirus replicates in the enterocytes of young piglets (<7 days) and causes vomiting and watery diarrhea; mortality rates are high
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
Concerning porcine coronaviruses, which would farmers prefer to have infect their herd and why?
Porcine respiratory coronavirus because it provides some degree of protection against the more fatal strain (TGE)
This virus presents similarly to TGE but is associated with a lower mortality rate
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Also called vomiting and wasting disease, this virus causes vomiting and neurological signs in pigs < 3 weeks old but no diarrhea
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)
This highly contagious disease of poultry causes severe respiratory disease in young birds ( < 3 weeks) and is associated with soft-shelled, abnormally shaped eggs
Infectious bronchitis virus
Characterized by a sudden onset of diarrhea and dramatic drop in milk production in adult animals; usually seen when cows are being housed indoors, close together
Bovine coronavirus (BCV)
This disease preferentially affects standardbreds and causes respiratory disease, ventral edema, and abortion; stallions can be carriers
Equine viral arteritis
Describe the impact of testosterone on Equine viral arteritis
colts that become infected prior to puberty are able to eliminate the virus; stallions that become infected (i.e. after puberty), may become carriers and shed the virus
This arterivirus is associated with early farrowing in sows and pneumonia in piglets; this virus has affinity for alveolar macrophages
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
This Picornavirus causes vesicle formation on the feet and coronary bands of swine; not found in US
Swine vesicular disease
This disease is associated with fever, depression, and neurological signs in pigs; neurological signs tend to be worse in the HLs and pigs can exhibit a dog-sitting posture
Teschen/Talfan Disease
caused by porcine teschovirus
This picornavirus is associated with SMEDI syndrome in swine; what other disease it is hard to differentiate from?
Porcine enteroviruses
Porcine parvovirus
This virus causes ataxia and fine tremors of the head and neck in chicks < 2 weeks old
Avian encephalomyelitis
Which species is most susceptible to foot and mouth? Which species doesn’t get it at all?
Cattle;
horses
Cattle infected with this Picornavirus show high morbidity and low mortality; they have painful hooves and oral mucosa, making it hard for them to get up and eat/drink
Foot and mouth disease
This virus is closely related to foot and mouth disease but causes mild respiratory disease in horses following surgery or strenuous exercise
Equine Rhinitis virus
Rodents are the natural host for this virus that can infect a wide range of hosts, including humans; it has been associated with minor outbreaks and sporadic death in swine
Encephalomyocarditis virus
This calicivirus causes an acute, highly contagious disease of pigs that causes vesicle formation on the tongue, lips, snout, and coronary bands
Vesicular exanthema of swine
Vesicular exanthema of swine is considered to be the same virus as __________ that causes vesicle formation on the flippers of sea lions
San Miguel Sea Lion Virus
This virus accounts for 40% of upper respiratory disease in cats and is characterized by fever, oculonasal discharge, and vesicles on the tongue
Feline Calicivirus
Mutated FCV is associated with this disease that causes vasculitis, cutaneous edema, and ulcerative dermatitis
Virulent Systemic Disease
This is fatal, highly contagious disease of European rabbits causes nasal discharge, convulsions, and rapid death. Rabbits < 2 months do not show disease but can be infected
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease
List the equine encephalitidities in order from least to most fatal
WEE
VEE
EEE
For which equine encephalitis can the horse serve as an amplifier host?
VEE
Disease with equine viral encephalitis viruses is ______ (slow or rapid)?
Rapid (signs 5 days after infection, death 2-3 days later)
Name 3 important genera of the Flavivirus family; which is not zoonotic
Pestivirus (not zoonotic)
Flavivirus
Hepacivirus
This disease of sheep and birds is transmitted via ticks; causes a fever that progressing to a jumping/hopping gait
Louping ill
The pig is the amplifier host for this flavivirus that affects horses and pigs via mosquito transmission
Japanese encephalitis
This highly contagious and fatal disease of pigs has been eradicated from the US; affected animals have high fever, vomiting/diarrhea, neurologic tremors, and necrosis of tonsillar tissue
Hog Cholera (Classical swine fever)
Also called “Hairy shaker lamb” disease, this virus causes in utero infections that lead to hypomyelinogenesis and fleece abnormalities
Border Disease
Which strain of BVDV is associated with persistant infection?
Non-cytopathic
