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Virology > Final (New Material) > Flashcards

Final (New Material) Flashcards

1
Q

The zebra is the natural host for this Reovirus (Genus Orbivirus) that can infect horses and cause respiratory (pulmonary edema) and cardiac signs. It is spread by insects

A

African horse sickness

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2
Q

Can Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) cause disease in cattle?

A

primarily affects deer;

Primarily, no, but there has been some association with sporadic disease and death

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3
Q

This group of species-specific viruses is associated with gastroenteritis in a variety of young farm animals. It infects the tips of villi and causes diarrhea, sometimes called “calf scours”

A

Rotaviruses

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4
Q

Name 3 families of viruses that undergo reassortment due to their segmented genomes

A

Orthomyxoviridae
Reoviridae
Bunyaviridae

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5
Q

This disease primarily affects chicks 2-3 weeks in age and causes a swollen, edematous bursa

A

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)

Birnaviridae

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6
Q

Name the 4 viral families included in the order Mononegvirales

A

Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae
Bornaviridae

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7
Q

Name 3 shared characteristics of the viruses included in Mononegvirales

A

1) single segment of negative sense RNA
2) enveloped
3) replicate in cytoplasm (EXCEPT BORNA)

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8
Q

What replicative enzyme is needed by negative sense RNA viruses

A

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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9
Q

This disease, which was globally eradicated in 2011, can cause acute disease in ruminants and leaves a characteristic zebra-stripped pattern on the intestinal mucosa

A

Rinderpest virus

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10
Q

Causative agent of goat plague?

A

Peste des petits ruminants virus

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11
Q

This Paramyxovirus is usually seen in younger or older dogs and is characterized by respiratory signs, hyperkeratosis of footpads and nose, and CNS signs

A

Canine distemper virus

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12
Q

Unique feature of canine distemper virus on histopathology?

A

causes both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

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13
Q

A zoonotic paramyxovirus (Morbillivirus) associated with encephalitis in swine and people; found in Malaysia

A

Nipah virus

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14
Q

Which two strains of newcastle disease virus are associated with 100% mortality

A

viscerotropic

neurotropic

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15
Q

The most important avian paramyxovirus that causes disease worldwide; strain determines clinical signs but usually associated with respiratory signs (gasping and rales); can also have neurological signs with some strains that includes wing paralysis

A

Newcastle disease virus (NDV)

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16
Q

Because Paramyxoviruses are _________, they can be controlled using?

A

enveloped; disinfectants and restriction of animal movement

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17
Q

Associated with corneal opacity in young pigs and reproductive failure in sows; foreign animal disease

A

Blue eye disease in pigs

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18
Q

Name 2 paramyxoviruses that are part of the bovine respiratory disease complex

A

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus & Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (PI3)

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19
Q

Unlike others, the rabies vaccine is a ______ vaccine that requires _____ dose(s).

A

Killed vaccine; 1 dose

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20
Q

This Rhabdovirus is associated with vesicle development on the tongue and oral mucous membranes of horses, cattle, and pigs

A

Vesicular Stomatitis virus

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21
Q

Vesicular Stomatitis virus causes what type of illness in people

A

flu-like symptoms

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22
Q

This disease is characterized by a bi- or polyphasic fever in cattle; can also see depression, lameness, and stiffness

A

Bovein ephemeral fever

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23
Q

Filoviruses are level ___ pathogens because of their _____ potential?

A

level 4 due to epidemic potential

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24
Q

Two important Filoviruses that affect people and are characterized by uncontrollable, profuse bleeding and a high rate of mortality

A

Marburgvirus & Ebolavirus

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25
Q

T/F: Dogs are significant source of disease for spread of ebola?

A

False

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26
Q

This virus is associated with T-cell mediated meningoencephalitis in horses and sheep and is not found in the US; mortality rates can reach 100%

A

Borna disease virus

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27
Q

The viral family associated with influenza disease of people and animals

A

Orthomyxoviridae

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28
Q

2 important surface peoplomers of Orthomyxoviruses and their functions?

A

1) Hemagglutinin–aids virus attachment

2) Neuraminidase–promotes entry into and release from cells

29
Q

Wild birds are the reservoir for this respiratory disease of fowl; clinical signs include respiratory distress, diarrhea, cyanosis, and lacrimation

A

Avian influenza (Fowl plague or Highly pathogenic avian influenza)

30
Q

Name 2 other diseases that present similarly to avian influenza

A

newcastle disease; fowl cholera

31
Q

Which genus of Bunyaviridae are not arboviruses?

A

Hantavirus

32
Q

Name 2 Bunyaviridae viruses that are associated with congenital defect such as arthrogryposis & hydranencephaly

A

Akabane virus

Schmallenberg virus

33
Q

Which Bunyavirus genus, maintained in rodent reservoirs, causes the most severe disease in people

A

Hantavirus

34
Q

This arenavirus is maintained in the rodent population where it doesn’t cause disease; however, it is zoonotic and can be associated with flu-like symptoms or severe encephalomyelitis in people

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

35
Q

This RNA virus has a large genome, leaving it prone to a high mutation rate

A

Coronaviridae

36
Q

When comparing FECV and FIP, which is transmissible?

A

FECV

37
Q

FIP causes damage primarily through formation of?

A

Immune-complexes

38
Q

This coronavirus may not be able to cause disease in dogs, but it is associated with another antigenically distinct virus that can cause respiratory disease in kenneled dogs

A

Canine coronavirus (variable potential to cause disease)

Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCov)

39
Q

This coronavirus replicates in the enterocytes of young piglets (<7 days) and causes vomiting and watery diarrhea; mortality rates are high

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)

40
Q

Concerning porcine coronaviruses, which would farmers prefer to have infect their herd and why?

A

Porcine respiratory coronavirus because it provides some degree of protection against the more fatal strain (TGE)

41
Q

This virus presents similarly to TGE but is associated with a lower mortality rate

A

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

42
Q

Also called vomiting and wasting disease, this virus causes vomiting and neurological signs in pigs < 3 weeks old but no diarrhea

A

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)

43
Q

This highly contagious disease of poultry causes severe respiratory disease in young birds ( < 3 weeks) and is associated with soft-shelled, abnormally shaped eggs

A

Infectious bronchitis virus

44
Q

Characterized by a sudden onset of diarrhea and dramatic drop in milk production in adult animals; usually seen when cows are being housed indoors, close together

A

Bovine coronavirus (BCV)

45
Q

This disease preferentially affects standardbreds and causes respiratory disease, ventral edema, and abortion; stallions can be carriers

A

Equine viral arteritis

46
Q

Describe the impact of testosterone on Equine viral arteritis

A

colts that become infected prior to puberty are able to eliminate the virus; stallions that become infected (i.e. after puberty), may become carriers and shed the virus

47
Q

This arterivirus is associated with early farrowing in sows and pneumonia in piglets; this virus has affinity for alveolar macrophages

A

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)

48
Q

This Picornavirus causes vesicle formation on the feet and coronary bands of swine; not found in US

A

Swine vesicular disease

49
Q

This disease is associated with fever, depression, and neurological signs in pigs; neurological signs tend to be worse in the HLs and pigs can exhibit a dog-sitting posture

A

Teschen/Talfan Disease

caused by porcine teschovirus

50
Q

This picornavirus is associated with SMEDI syndrome in swine; what other disease it is hard to differentiate from?

A

Porcine enteroviruses

Porcine parvovirus

51
Q

This virus causes ataxia and fine tremors of the head and neck in chicks < 2 weeks old

A

Avian encephalomyelitis

52
Q

Which species is most susceptible to foot and mouth? Which species doesn’t get it at all?

A

Cattle;

horses

53
Q

Cattle infected with this Picornavirus show high morbidity and low mortality; they have painful hooves and oral mucosa, making it hard for them to get up and eat/drink

A

Foot and mouth disease

54
Q

This virus is closely related to foot and mouth disease but causes mild respiratory disease in horses following surgery or strenuous exercise

A

Equine Rhinitis virus

55
Q

Rodents are the natural host for this virus that can infect a wide range of hosts, including humans; it has been associated with minor outbreaks and sporadic death in swine

A

Encephalomyocarditis virus

56
Q

This calicivirus causes an acute, highly contagious disease of pigs that causes vesicle formation on the tongue, lips, snout, and coronary bands

A

Vesicular exanthema of swine

57
Q

Vesicular exanthema of swine is considered to be the same virus as __________ that causes vesicle formation on the flippers of sea lions

A

San Miguel Sea Lion Virus

58
Q

This virus accounts for 40% of upper respiratory disease in cats and is characterized by fever, oculonasal discharge, and vesicles on the tongue

A

Feline Calicivirus

59
Q

Mutated FCV is associated with this disease that causes vasculitis, cutaneous edema, and ulcerative dermatitis

A

Virulent Systemic Disease

60
Q

This is fatal, highly contagious disease of European rabbits causes nasal discharge, convulsions, and rapid death. Rabbits < 2 months do not show disease but can be infected

A

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease

61
Q

List the equine encephalitidities in order from least to most fatal

A

WEE
VEE
EEE

62
Q

For which equine encephalitis can the horse serve as an amplifier host?

A

VEE

63
Q

Disease with equine viral encephalitis viruses is ______ (slow or rapid)?

A

Rapid (signs 5 days after infection, death 2-3 days later)

64
Q

Name 3 important genera of the Flavivirus family; which is not zoonotic

A

Pestivirus (not zoonotic)
Flavivirus
Hepacivirus

65
Q

This disease of sheep and birds is transmitted via ticks; causes a fever that progressing to a jumping/hopping gait

A

Louping ill

66
Q

The pig is the amplifier host for this flavivirus that affects horses and pigs via mosquito transmission

A

Japanese encephalitis

67
Q

This highly contagious and fatal disease of pigs has been eradicated from the US; affected animals have high fever, vomiting/diarrhea, neurologic tremors, and necrosis of tonsillar tissue

A

Hog Cholera (Classical swine fever)

68
Q

Also called “Hairy shaker lamb” disease, this virus causes in utero infections that lead to hypomyelinogenesis and fleece abnormalities

A

Border Disease

69
Q

Which strain of BVDV is associated with persistant infection?

A

Non-cytopathic

Virology (7 decks)

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