final lecture exam Flashcards by Madyson pack

Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the ovarian cycle, and the follicular phase occurs on days…

1-14

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In the phases of the follicles, the volume of the antrum starts to build and oocyte is forced to one side.

antral

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Which is not true about spermatogenesis?

Multiple Choice

The process includes two meiotic divisions.

The final stage of the process is called spermiogenesis.

Mature spermatozoa are haploid.

Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man’s life.

spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a mans life=false

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In males, the _________ region on the Y chromosome initiates male phenotypic development.

SRY

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Paired and terminates in the shaft of the penis.

Corpus cavernosum

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Which male accessory gland secretes alkaline fluid with fructose and prostaglandins?

seminal vesicle

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The structures of the male reproductive tract are
a: ductus deferens
b: urethra
c: epididymis
d: ejaculatory duct
e: ampulla
What is the order in which sperm passes through these structures from the testes to the penis?

c,a,e,d,b

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The perineum consists of a posterior…

anal triangle and an anterior urogenital triangle

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During development, the __________ ducts form the male duct system.

mesonephric

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The rete testis…

receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules

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Estrogen levels are highest during the ________ phase of the ovarian cycle.

follicular

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Has a ridgelike seam at midline called the raphe…

scrotum

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What structure forms from the remnants of the follicle following ovulation if no egg is fertilized?

corpus ALBICANS

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Which layer(s) of the wall of the GI tract contain simple columnar epithelium allowing for secretion and absorption.

mucosa

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A circular fold is …

fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients

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Which peritoneal fold/mesentary extends from the bottom of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs?

greater omentum

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What structure is in the center of a hepatic lobule?

central vein

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Lipid digestion begins in the…

small intestine

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The largest salivary gland is the _________ gland. (Not the largest producing salivary gland)

parotid

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What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from outermost to innermost (next to lumen)?

adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

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In order to accommodate the large liver,

the right kidney is about 2 centimeters inferior to the left kidney

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Where are the target cells for Leutenizing hormone (LH)?

ovaries and testes

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What is the function of saliva?

assist in the digestion of starches

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The process of producing and releasing fluid products facilitating digestions is called…

secretion

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Between the partietal and visceral peritoneum is the thin...

peritoneal cavity

Digestive reflexes that involve the central nervous system and autonomic motor output, coordinate GI tract motility, secretions, and accessory digestive organs are called ________ reflexes.

long reflexes

Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce...

alkaline mucin

A woman is in labor and she is crowning. She is in the midst of the __________ stage of labor.

expulsion

After birth, the foramen ovale is closed as a result of

increasing pressure in the left atrium

The placenta allows

oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from maternal blood to the embryo.

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose are examples of...

disaccharides

A disaccharide is a type of

carbohydrate

Fats and oils are dietary sources of

triglycerides

Minerals are _________ ions. organic or inorganic

inorganic

The third through eighth weeks of development are known as the _________blank period.

embryonic

After ovulation, the oocyte

releases chemotaxic signals to attract sperm to its location.

At the 16-cell stage, the conceptus is known as a(n)

morula

The outermost extraembryonic membrane that eventually helps form the placenta is the

chorion

Gastrulation results in the formation of a(n)

embryo

Teratogens are most damaging to organ systems if exposure to them occurs

when the organ systems are undergoing peak development in the embryo.

Changes in the size of the uterus during pregnancy are due to

both hypertrophy and hyperplasia

During pregnancy, a woman's areolae and nipples become darker under the influence of

melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the placenta.

During pregnancy, the mother's

cardiac output rises and hematocrit falls.

Which stage would you expect to take the longest time?

Dilation stage of labor of a nulliparous woman

Compared to breast milk, colostrum contains

less fat but more immunoglobulins.

There are two aspects to digestion: chemical digestion and _________blank digestion.

mechanical

An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the

SALIVARY nuclei of the brainstem activate PARYASYMPATHETIC pathways to salivary glands.

The mastication center is located in the _________blank of the brain.

medulla and pons

The term “canines” describes the teeth that

are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.

"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the

back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions

The pre-embryonic period ends when

the blastocyst implants in the uterus.

What is the correct order of structures through which the sperm penetrates during fertilization?

Corona radiata, zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane

Implantation usually begins at about the end of the first _________blank of development.

week

The hormone that signals that fertilization and implantation have taken place is

human chorionic gonadotropin.

Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted from cells of the

syncytiotrophoblast.

Neurulation is the development of the nervous system from the

ECTOderm

The structure of the mesoderm that induces formation of the neural tube is the

notochord

Drugs that lead to birth defects in the formation of the limbs are most damaging when the conceptus is exposed to them during weeks

4–8 of development, when limbs are undergoing peak development.

Human placental lactogen _________blank the effects of insulin and causes a pregnant woman's tissues to metabolize _________blank glucose.

inhibits; less

Edema and varicose veins in the lower extremities sometimes develop in the third trimester of a pregnancy due to

compression of abdominal blood vessels.

Stretching of the cervix causes oxytocin secretion to

increase

Inhibin is secreted by

follicular cells, and it inhibits FSH production.

The hymen is located

near the vaginal orifice

The posterior pituitary hormone that is crucial for milk ejection is

oxytocin

During the excitement phase of the female sexual response, the uterus shifts to a more _________blank position.

erect

The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to

regulate the temperature of the testes

sperm are produced in the

semniferous tubules

The acrosome cap contains

enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte.

An erection of the penis is caused by

blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins.

An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)

accessory digestive organ

Cholecystokinin is a(n) _________blank released by the _________blank.

hormone; SMALL INTESTINE

The buccal, lingual, and labial salivary glands are _________blank salivary glands.

intrinsic

Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to

inhibit bacterial growth

The gastroenterologist has just determined that you have a blockage in your jejunum and he will have to perform surgery, making a small incision in the wall to remove the obstruction. Which tunic will be cut first?

serosa

Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these “acid-producing pumps”? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?

parietal cells