final lecture exam Flashcards
Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the ovarian cycle, and the follicular phase occurs on days…
1-14
In the phases of the follicles, the volume of the antrum starts to build and oocyte is forced to one side.
antral
Which is not true about spermatogenesis?
Multiple Choice
The process includes two meiotic divisions.
The final stage of the process is called spermiogenesis.
Mature spermatozoa are haploid.
Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man’s life.
spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a mans life=false
In males, the _________ region on the Y chromosome initiates male phenotypic development.
SRY
Paired and terminates in the shaft of the penis.
Corpus cavernosum
Which male accessory gland secretes alkaline fluid with fructose and prostaglandins?
seminal vesicle
The structures of the male reproductive tract are
a: ductus deferens
b: urethra
c: epididymis
d: ejaculatory duct
e: ampulla
What is the order in which sperm passes through these structures from the testes to the penis?
c,a,e,d,b
The perineum consists of a posterior…
anal triangle and an anterior urogenital triangle
During development, the __________ ducts form the male duct system.
mesonephric
The rete testis…
receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules
Estrogen levels are highest during the ________ phase of the ovarian cycle.
follicular
Has a ridgelike seam at midline called the raphe…
scrotum
What structure forms from the remnants of the follicle following ovulation if no egg is fertilized?
corpus ALBICANS
Which layer(s) of the wall of the GI tract contain simple columnar epithelium allowing for secretion and absorption.
mucosa
A circular fold is …
fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients
Which peritoneal fold/mesentary extends from the bottom of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs?
greater omentum
What structure is in the center of a hepatic lobule?
central vein
Lipid digestion begins in the…
small intestine
The largest salivary gland is the _________ gland. (Not the largest producing salivary gland)
parotid
What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from outermost to innermost (next to lumen)?
adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
In order to accommodate the large liver,
the right kidney is about 2 centimeters inferior to the left kidney
Where are the target cells for Leutenizing hormone (LH)?
ovaries and testes
What is the function of saliva?
assist in the digestion of starches
The process of producing and releasing fluid products facilitating digestions is called…
secretion
Between the partietal and visceral peritoneum is the thin…
peritoneal cavity
Digestive reflexes that involve the central nervous system and autonomic motor output, coordinate GI tract motility, secretions, and accessory digestive organs are called ________ reflexes.
long reflexes
Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce…
alkaline mucin
A woman is in labor and she is crowning. She is in the midst of the __________ stage of labor.
expulsion
After birth, the foramen ovale is closed as a result of
increasing pressure in the left atrium
The placenta allows
oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from maternal blood to the embryo.
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose are examples of…
disaccharides
A disaccharide is a type of
carbohydrate
Fats and oils are dietary sources of
triglycerides
Minerals are _________ ions.
organic or inorganic
inorganic
The third through eighth weeks of development are known as the _________blank period.
embryonic
After ovulation, the oocyte
releases chemotaxic signals to attract sperm to its location.
At the 16-cell stage, the conceptus is known as a(n)
morula
The outermost extraembryonic membrane that eventually helps form the placenta is the
chorion
Gastrulation results in the formation of a(n)
embryo
Teratogens are most damaging to organ systems if exposure to them occurs
when the organ systems are undergoing peak development in the embryo.
Changes in the size of the uterus during pregnancy are due to
both hypertrophy and hyperplasia
During pregnancy, a woman’s areolae and nipples become darker under the influence of
melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the placenta.
During pregnancy, the mother’s
cardiac output rises and hematocrit falls.
Which stage would you expect to take the longest time?
Dilation stage of labor of a nulliparous woman
Compared to breast milk, colostrum contains
less fat but more immunoglobulins.
There are two aspects to digestion: chemical digestion and _________blank digestion.
mechanical
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
SALIVARY nuclei of the brainstem activate PARYASYMPATHETIC pathways to salivary glands.
The mastication center is located in the _________blank of the brain.
medulla and pons
The term “canines” describes the teeth that
are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.
“Segmentation” within the small intestine refers to the
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions
The pre-embryonic period ends when
the blastocyst implants in the uterus.
What is the correct order of structures through which the sperm penetrates during fertilization?
Corona radiata, zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane
Implantation usually begins at about the end of the first _________blank of development.
week
The hormone that signals that fertilization and implantation have taken place is
human chorionic gonadotropin.
Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted from cells of the
syncytiotrophoblast.
Neurulation is the development of the nervous system from the
ECTOderm
The structure of the mesoderm that induces formation of the neural tube is the
notochord
Drugs that lead to birth defects in the formation of the limbs are most damaging when the conceptus is exposed to them during weeks
4–8 of development, when limbs are undergoing peak development.
Human placental lactogen _________blank the effects of insulin and causes a pregnant woman’s tissues to metabolize _________blank glucose.
inhibits; less
Edema and varicose veins in the lower extremities sometimes develop in the third trimester of a pregnancy due to
compression of abdominal blood vessels.
Stretching of the cervix causes oxytocin secretion to
increase
Inhibin is secreted by
follicular cells, and it inhibits FSH production.
The hymen is located
near the vaginal orifice
The posterior pituitary hormone that is crucial for milk ejection is
oxytocin
During the excitement phase of the female sexual response, the uterus shifts to a more _________blank position.
erect
The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to
regulate the temperature of the testes
sperm are produced in the
semniferous tubules
The acrosome cap contains
enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte.
An erection of the penis is caused by
blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins.
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
accessory digestive organ
Cholecystokinin is a(n) _________blank released by the _________blank.
hormone; SMALL INTESTINE
The buccal, lingual, and labial salivary glands are _________blank salivary glands.
intrinsic
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to
inhibit bacterial growth
The gastroenterologist has just determined that you have a blockage in your jejunum and he will have to perform surgery, making a small incision in the wall to remove the obstruction. Which tunic will be cut first?
serosa
Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these “acid-producing pumps”? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?
parietal cells
