Chapter 20: Blood vessels Flashcards
Fetus receives oxygen and nutrients through the ______.
placenta
Newborn’s cardiovascular system is independent or dependent?
independent
Fetal lungs are ___________.
nonfunctional
Blood pressure on the ____ side of the fetal heart is greater than the ______.
right side is greater than the left.
Fetal vessels ____ blood to organs in need and away from immature organs.
shunt
Fetal circulatory route
1._
2._
3._
4._
1.Umbilical vein
2.ductus venosus
3.inferior vena cava
4. empties into right atrium
Most blood shunted from right to left atrium via ________ ______.
foramen ovale
Small amount of blood enters right ventricle and is pumped to _________ trunk.
pulmonary
Blood travels to the rest of the body and returns to placenta through a pair of ___________ arteries.
umbilical
Nutrient and gas exchange of the fetus occurs at the _________.
placenta
With first breath, pulmonary arteries _______ and pulmonary resistance drops.
dilate
Pressure on the _______ side of the heart decreases with first breath.
right
Pressure is greater on the ______ side of the heart after first breath
left
After birth, umbilical vein becomes the :
round ligament of the liver
After birth, umbilical arteries become:
medial umbilical ligaments
After birth, the ductus venosus ceases to be functional and constricts, this becomes the :
Ligamentum venosum
Higher pressure on the left side of the heart pushes flaps of _______ closed.
septum
What closes after birth?
Foramen ovale
A remnant of the foramen after birth is the _______ _______, a small depression.
fossa ovalis
Ductus arteriosus closes within 10 to 15 _____ of birth.
hours
The ductus arteriosus closes within 10 to 15 hours of birth, then becomes a fibrous structure known as:
ligamentum arteriosum
Inhibiting ______ may help close ductus arteriosus after birth if it fails to do so.
prostaglandins
High blood pressure in pulmonary circulation, blood flowing from aorta able to enter pulmonary system and mixing of deoxygenated blood with oxygenated blood are likely a result of what?
ductus failing to close after birth
A portal system is a system in which
blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart
what is the most common type of capillary?
continuous
Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?
hepatic veins
The umbilical cord contains _________ umbilical vein(s) and ___________ umbilical artery(ies).
One;two
The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the
a: internal jugular veins
b: right sigmoid sinus
c: left sigmoid sinus
d: subclavian veins
e: straight sinus
A, D
Blood pressure is lowest in:
veins
Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine which can
stimulate release of nitric oxide, a vasodilater
renin converts ________ to ________.
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of ____ and ______ absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.
nutrients and toxins.
What is the sequence of pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?
subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
ulnar artery
Angiotensin II causes
Vasoconstriction, decrease urine formation, and increased thirst
To prevent excessive blood loss following tissue damage, local chemicals such as ________ are released to trigger _________.
thromboxanes; vasoconstriction
Filtration dominates at the _________ end of a capillary bed, and is driven by _________ pressure.
Arterial ; hydrostatic
The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it
passes above the inguinal ligament
The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the ______ and _____ arteries
radial; ulnar
Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
Systemic veins
The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of _______ veins.
Brachiocephalic
Blood flow is ______ related to the pressure gradient but ________ related to the resistance.
directly; inversely
Which of the following supplies blood to the medial thigh muscles?
Obturator artery
Concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries, ________ fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.
more
High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate:
Chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center
Peripheral resistance is _________ related to vessel length and ______ related to vessel radius.
directly; inversely
Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ___________ and the tissues of the body.
Capillaries
The inferior mesentric artery supplies blood to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
The popliteal artery supplies the ______ joint.
knee
