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A&P 2 #2 > Chapter 20: Blood vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Fetus receives oxygen and nutrients through the ______.

A

placenta

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2
Q

Newborn’s cardiovascular system is independent or dependent?

A

independent

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3
Q

Fetal lungs are ___________.

A

nonfunctional

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4
Q

Blood pressure on the ____ side of the fetal heart is greater than the ______.

A

right side is greater than the left.

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5
Q

Fetal vessels ____ blood to organs in need and away from immature organs.

A

shunt

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6
Q

Fetal circulatory route
1._
2._
3._
4._

A

1.Umbilical vein
2.ductus venosus
3.inferior vena cava
4. empties into right atrium

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7
Q

Most blood shunted from right to left atrium via ________ ______.

A

foramen ovale

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8
Q

Small amount of blood enters right ventricle and is pumped to _________ trunk.

A

pulmonary

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9
Q

Blood travels to the rest of the body and returns to placenta through a pair of ___________ arteries.

A

umbilical

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10
Q

Nutrient and gas exchange of the fetus occurs at the _________.

A

placenta

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11
Q

With first breath, pulmonary arteries _______ and pulmonary resistance drops.

A

dilate

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12
Q

Pressure on the _______ side of the heart decreases with first breath.

A

right

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13
Q

Pressure is greater on the ______ side of the heart after first breath

A

left

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14
Q

After birth, umbilical vein becomes the :

A

round ligament of the liver

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15
Q

After birth, umbilical arteries become:

A

medial umbilical ligaments

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16
Q

After birth, the ductus venosus ceases to be functional and constricts, this becomes the :

A

Ligamentum venosum

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17
Q

Higher pressure on the left side of the heart pushes flaps of _______ closed.

A

septum

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18
Q

What closes after birth?

A

Foramen ovale

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19
Q

A remnant of the foramen after birth is the _______ _______, a small depression.

A

fossa ovalis

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20
Q

Ductus arteriosus closes within 10 to 15 _____ of birth.

A

hours

21
Q

The ductus arteriosus closes within 10 to 15 hours of birth, then becomes a fibrous structure known as:

A

ligamentum arteriosum

22
Q

Inhibiting ______ may help close ductus arteriosus after birth if it fails to do so.

A

prostaglandins

23
Q

High blood pressure in pulmonary circulation, blood flowing from aorta able to enter pulmonary system and mixing of deoxygenated blood with oxygenated blood are likely a result of what?

A

ductus failing to close after birth

24
Q

A portal system is a system in which

A

blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart

25
Q

what is the most common type of capillary?

A

continuous

26
Q

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

A

hepatic veins

27
Q

The umbilical cord contains _________ umbilical vein(s) and ___________ umbilical artery(ies).

A

One;two

28
Q

The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the
a: internal jugular veins
b: right sigmoid sinus
c: left sigmoid sinus
d: subclavian veins
e: straight sinus

A

A, D

29
Q

Blood pressure is lowest in:

A

veins

30
Q

Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine which can

A

stimulate release of nitric oxide, a vasodilater

31
Q

renin converts ________ to ________.

A

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

32
Q

The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of ____ and ______ absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.

A

nutrients and toxins.

33
Q

What is the sequence of pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?

A

subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
ulnar artery

34
Q

Angiotensin II causes

A

Vasoconstriction, decrease urine formation, and increased thirst

35
Q

To prevent excessive blood loss following tissue damage, local chemicals such as ________ are released to trigger _________.

A

thromboxanes; vasoconstriction

36
Q

Filtration dominates at the _________ end of a capillary bed, and is driven by _________ pressure.

A

Arterial ; hydrostatic

37
Q

The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it

A

passes above the inguinal ligament

38
Q

The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the ______ and _____ arteries

A

radial; ulnar

39
Q

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

A

Systemic veins

40
Q

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of _______ veins.

A

Brachiocephalic

41
Q

Blood flow is ______ related to the pressure gradient but ________ related to the resistance.

A

directly; inversely

42
Q

Which of the following supplies blood to the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator artery

43
Q

Concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries, ________ fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.

A

more

44
Q

High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate:

A

Chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center

45
Q

Peripheral resistance is _________ related to vessel length and ______ related to vessel radius.

A

directly; inversely

46
Q

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ___________ and the tissues of the body.

A

Capillaries

47
Q

The inferior mesentric artery supplies blood to the
1.
2.
3.
4.

A

transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

48
Q

The popliteal artery supplies the ______ joint.

A

knee

49
Q
A

A&P 2 #2 (4 decks)

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