final lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

hyperuricemia

A

serum uric acid >7 in males & >6 in females

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2
Q

acute gouty arthritis

A

accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in leukocytes in synovial fluid

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3
Q

acute gouty arthritis is characterized by

A

rapid onset, excruciating pain, swelling, inflammation

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4
Q

common joint affected

A

first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP)

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5
Q

uric acid nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones of uric acid- high uric acid overproduction

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6
Q

gouty nephropathy

A

deposition of uric acid crystals in renal tubules(acute) or monosodium urate in renal parenchyma (chronic)

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7
Q

tophi

A

SQ solid deposits of monosodium urate crystals in soft tissue of the body

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8
Q

primarily a disease of

A

middle-aged males

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9
Q

____ years of hyperuricemia required to manifest symptoms of gout

A

10-20 years

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10
Q

single most important risk factor for development of gout

A

sustained elevated serum urate levels

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11
Q

uric acid is the final end product of

A

purine degradation & excreted primarily in urine

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12
Q

xanthine oxidase

A

hypothanine->xanthine->uric acid

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13
Q

predominate species of uric acid in plasma

A

urate (pk5.4)

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14
Q

monosodium urate max solubilty

A

in water of 7mg/dL at 37*C & pH 7.4

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15
Q

cytotoxic drugs can

A

increase uric acid

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16
Q

genetic components of gout

A

phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synethate overactivity & hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) deficiency

17
Q

PRPP synthetase hyperactivity

A

drives purine accumulation which is converted to uric acids

18
Q

HGPR deficiency

A

leads to increased metabolism of guanine & hypoxanthine-> uric acid

19
Q

___ genetic mutations known to be associated w/ overproduction of purines

A

5

20
Q

underexcretion of uric acid is ___ cause of hyperuricemia compared to overexcretion

A

main cause

21
Q

acute attacks mostly being

A

at night bc water reabsorption from joint space->supersaturated solution of monosodium urate

22
Q

uric acid nephrolithiasis

A

uric acid kidney stones in over producers

23
Q

acute urate nephropathy

A

precipitation of uric acid in ducts & ureters-> acute renal failure

24
Q

chronic urate nephropathy

A

urte crystal deposition in renal parenchyma

25
Q

tophaceous gout

A

SQ solid deposits; late complication

26
Q

treatment options for acute gouty attack

A

NSAIDs, steroids, colchicine

27
Q

propylactice therapy

A

allopurinol, febuxostat, rasburicase, peloticase, probenecid, sulfinpyrazone

28
Q

intraarticular steroids

A

limited to 1 or 2 joints; triamcinolone

29
Q

systemic steroids

A

for multiple joints

30
Q

colchicine MOA

A

antimitotic agent- binds to tubulin & blocks formation of mitotic spindle

31
Q

agents that block uric acid formation

A

allopurinol or febuxostat- xanthine oxidase inhibitors

32
Q

agents that enhance urate excretion

A

uricosuric agents- probenecid & sulfinpyrazone

33
Q

agents that enhance urate elimination

A

rasburicase- recombinant urate oxidase enzyme

pegloticase- recombinated pegylated porcine-like uriicase