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Anatomy and physiology II > Final Lab Test > Flashcards

Final Lab Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

This is the sheath that wraps around each of the testes.

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2
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

The outer envelope of the testes that holds them outside the body cavity where it is cooler.

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3
Q

What are the testes?

A

The site of spermatozoa. (sperm cell production)

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4
Q

What is the dartos muscle?

A

This is a layer of muscle in the scrotum that contracts and brings the testes closer to the body.

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5
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

These are the tubes in the testes where sperm cells are produced.

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6
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

These are the tubes in the testes where sperm cells are produced.

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7
Q

What are the interstitial cells?

A

Clusters of cells that appear in triangles between the seminiferous tubules, these produce testosterone.

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8
Q

What are sustentacular (sertoli) cells

A

These cells assist in the movement of spermatocytes and isolate sperm cells with the blood testis barrier (BTB)

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9
Q

What are spermatogonia?

A

The outer row of cells in the seminiferous tubules that reproduce through mitosis to make primary spermatocytes.

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10
Q

What are secondary spermatocytes?

A

the result of meosis of primary spermatocytes, which are located closer to the lumen.

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11
Q

what are spermatids?

A

these are the result of maturing secondary spermatocytes, these mature into sperm cells.

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12
Q

What are

A

v

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13
Q

What are the rete testis?

A

These are the connecting tubules from the tubules in the testis to the epididymis.

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14
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

The prostate gland adds a buffering fluid to the secretions of the testes and the seminal vesicles. 30% of final semen volume is this fluid.

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15
Q

What is the prostatic urethra?

A

urethra that passes through the prostate gland.

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16
Q

What is the membranous urethra?

A

the urethra between the prostate gland and runs through the bulbourethral gland.

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17
Q

What is the bulbourethral gland?

A

this gland adds a lubricant to the seminal fluid.

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18
Q

What does seminal fluid contain?

A

secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

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19
Q

What does semen contain?

A

seminal fluid plus sperm (from testes 5%) cells from the testes.

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20
Q

What is the spongy, or penile urethra?

A

This is when the urethra passes out of the body cavity. (The penis)

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21
Q

What is the penis?

A

has an elongated shaft and a distally expanded glans penis.

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22
Q

What does the glans consist of?

A

It is covered with the prepuce, or foreskin, which can be removed by circumcision.

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23
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

Located in the inferior portion of the gland, these are a lot of nerve endings.

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24
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

Located in the inferior portion of the gland, these are a lot of nerve endings.

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25
Q

What are the functions of sperm cells?

A

Sperm cells are supposed to fertilize the female oocyte.

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26
Q

What are the three cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis?

A

The corpus spongiosum, and two corpus cavernosa.

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27
Q

What are the four components of semen?

A

secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland and sperm cells.

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28
Q

What are the four components of semen?

A

secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland and sperm cells.

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29
Q

Describe the anatomy of the spermatic cord?

A

P.528

30
Q

What is the pathway that sperm cells follow from production to expulsion?

A

Sperm cells are produced in seminiferous tubule

tubulus rectus

rete testis

efferent ductules

31
Q

What is the pathway that sperm cells follow from production to expulsion?

A

Sperm cells are produced in seminiferous tubule

tubulus rectus

rete testis

efferent ductules

epididymis

ductus deferens

ampulla

ejaculatory duct

prostatic urethra

membranous urethra

spongy or penile urethra

external urethral orifice

32
Q

What is the pathway that sperm cells follow from production to expulsion?

A

Sperm cells are produced in seminiferous tubule

tubulus rectus

rete testis

efferent ductules

epididymis

ductus deferens

ampulla

ejaculatory duct

prostatic urethra

membranous urethra

spongy or penile urethra

external urethral orifice

33
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

these are oblong 3-4cm organs that produce oocytes.

34
Q

What is the stroma? (Female)

A

This is the background substance in the ovaries.

35
Q

What are the fallopian (uterine) tubes?

A

The oocytes move to these from the ovaries during ovulation/

36
Q

What are the fallopian (uterine) tubes?

A

The oocytes move to these from the ovaries during ovulation.

37
Q

What is the gamete-producing organ of the female reproduction system?

A

The ovaries.

38
Q

What are the structures of the vulva?

A

mons pubis

clitoris

glans clitoris

external urethral orifice

prepuce

vaginal orifice

labia minora (labium minus)

vestibule

greater vestibular glands (bartholins glands)

labia majora (labium majus)

39
Q

What are the three layers of uterus from superficial to deep?

A

perimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

40
Q

What are the three layers of uterus from superficial to deep?

A

perimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

41
Q

What is the hormone detected in pregnancy identification?

A

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

42
Q

What are the changes in hormone levels during menstruation?

A

This is the loss of the endometrial layer of a womans uterus after the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop during the menstrual cycle.

43
Q

What is the process of ovulation and the change in hormone levels?

A

d

44
Q

What is the process of ovulation and the change in hormone levels?

A

This is the process of a mature egg traveling from the ovary down the fallopian tubes to the uterus for a chance to be fertilized

.FSH stimulates the maturation of eggs in follicles. one will, and will release a mature egg. The maturing follicles release estrogen, and the increase in estrogen will cause increase in levels of lutenizing hormones (LH), this causes the egg to burst through the ovary.

45
Q

What is the process of ovulation and the change in hormone levels?

A

This is the process of a mature egg traveling from the ovary down the fallopian tubes to the uterus for a chance to be fertilized

.FSH stimulates the maturation of eggs in follicles. one will, and will release a mature egg. The maturing follicles release estrogen, and the increase in estrogen will cause increase in levels of lutenizing hormones (LH), this causes the egg to burst through the ovary.

46
Q

What is the process of a vasectomy?

A

An incision is made on each side of the scrotum and both vas or ductus deferens are cut, all the free ends are tied which prevents the travel of sperm from the testes to the spermatic cords.

47
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

This stimulates the follicles to mature into oocytes.

48
Q

What is the function of HCG?

A

This hormone tells the corpus luteum to keep producing progesterone, which keeps the lining of the uterus thick for a healthy pregnancy. until the placenta takes over at 10 weeks producing progesterone.

49
Q

What is the function of HCG?

A

This hormone tells the corpus luteum to keep producing progesterone, which keeps the lining of the uterus thick for a healthy pregnancy. until the placenta takes over at 10 weeks producing progesterone.

50
Q

What is the function of Lutenizing hormone?

A

lutenizing hormone triggers ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum.

51
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Progesterone promotes the thickening of the lining of the uterus.

52
Q

What is the process of tubual ligation?

A

This is where the fallopian tubes are burned clipped cut or tied.

53
Q

What is the pathway of a gamete from an ovary to the site of implantation?

A

ovary

fallopian tube

uterus

54
Q

What is the pathway of a gamete from an ovary to the site of implantation?

A

ovary

fallopian tube

uterus

55
Q

What is an allele?

A

One of several different forms of a gene that is present on a specific location on a specific chromosome.

56
Q

What is a blood type allele?

A

These are the different alleles that correspond with each blood type. 4 phenotypes and 3 genotypes that pair to make each phenotype.

57
Q

What is a blood type allele?

A

These are the different alleles that correspond with each blood type. 4 phenotypes and 3 genotypes that pair to make each phenotype.

58
Q

How does a punnett square work?

A

This is the determining of dominant of recessive traits from the mother and father.

59
Q

What is heterzygous?

A

There are two different alleles for one trait.

60
Q

What is homozygous?

A

There is only one type of allele for a specific trait.

61
Q

What is phenotype?

A

The observable characteristics that result from the interactions of the genotype.

62
Q

What is genotype?

A

The set of alleles responsible for a particular trait.

63
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

This is a visual of all the chromosomes in an individual.

64
Q

What is a gamete?

A

These are the sperm and egg cells that each have half the chromosomes of our bodies. reproductive cell.

65
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A fertilized egg

66
Q

What is a haploid?

A

When there is half the full contingency of chromosome. (23) n

67
Q

What is diploid?

A

When there is the full contingency of chromosomes. (46) 2n

68
Q

What are autosomal chromosomes?

A

These are all chromosomes not related to the sex of the organism. (44)

69
Q

What are sex linked traits?

A

This the 23rd chromosome of each the mother and father that help determine the sex of the offspring. MOM IS ALWAYS X, DAD CAN BE X OR Y. XY = male XX= female

70
Q

Describe the human genome project?

A

This is a project that has a goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs on DNA, and being able to map the genes of a genome from a physical and functional standpoint.

71
Q

What is a genome?

A

This is the complete set of genes in a cell or organism.

Anatomy and physiology II (7 decks)

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