Final IDs Part 3

Question 1

positivism

Answer 1

use science to study society and social theory. Science improves society.

Question 2

Comte

Answer 2

French positivist during Napoleonic Era who said that only positive knowledge comes from external world. Important because he wanted to create a society which replaced the priest with the scientist. His ideas created sociology.

Question 3

Dilthey

Answer 3

Interested in human sciences but critiqued positivism, saying that consciousness separates humans from animals. Important because Dilthey was a synthesis in the positivist debate. Showed reason.

Question 4

Dostoevsky

Answer 4

Russian philosopher who critiqued positivism and was it’s biggest criticizer. Said science cannot solve his problems.

Question 5

Social Darwinism

Answer 5

Science is a vehicle of progress and can be relevant for human society. Lots of racism. Important because people used Darwinism to redefine ethical values and gain cultural and political influence

Question 6

uniformitarianism

Answer 6

changes in the natural world take place through progress. There is no divine intervention in the natural world.

Question 7

Darwin

Answer 7

English scientist who came up with the theory of evolution and natural selection. Important because he changed individualism and called humans animals. Challenged Christian morality

Question 8

Carlyle

Answer 8

Philosophical radicalism, believed forceful leaders produce historical events and change. Important because he created an elitist view of history where only the important figures matter

Question 9

Philosophical Radicalism

Answer 9

Affirms heroic individualism. The heroes are important in history

Question 10

Kierkegaard

Answer 10

said you must take a leap of faith and believe in God. Important because he created Christian Existentialism. A way of thinking that meant meaning of life is through God.

Question 11

Nietzsche

Answer 11

Philosophical Radicalism who said God was dead and people did not actually believe in Him, just went through the motions.

Question 12

Emilie Durkheim

Answer 12

French nationalist that talked a lot about anomie. Important because he gave the theory that people are very stressed because they lost religious communities when moving to urban environment. Modern society erodes religious values. Anti marx

Question 13

Weber

Answer 13

Anti-Marxist who felt people are dehumanized under communism and they lose independence. Also said a loss of religion causes draw to powerful people that gives way to authoritarianism.

Question 14

Subjectivism

Answer 14

The path to truth is art that expresses inner vision

Question 15

Mallarme

Answer 15

symbolist poet who said poetry should be about inner vision, making it very complex. Important because he caused modernism to break away from the public and poets lost audience. Too difficult to understand.

Question 16

Rimbaud

Answer 16

subjective poet who believed poets have to be different from everyone else. Significant by the way he fled Bourgeoisie life to South Africa and left his poetry behind, where he died.

Question 17

L’Isle-Adam

Answer 17

playwriter that said reality is worse than the imagination. Important because he showed subjectivism and the Avant Garde

Question 18

Bergson

Answer 18

philosopher and anti-positivism. He wanted a philosophical alternative to science. Important because he saw reality goes above categories of knowledge because everyone experiences things differently.