Final IDs Part 2

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

Urban cities and factories created capitalism, creation of a working class, slave trade from Napoleon generated lots of wealth

Question 2

Adam Smith

Answer 2

Advocated for Laissez-Faire, market is an invisible hand that guides the economy, important bc his ideas of comparative advantage and division of labor made him the father of capitalism

Question 3

Ricardo

Answer 3

British economist who believed in Iron Law of Wages = people have too many children which causes wages to drop meaning most people have to be poor. Important because his theory meant that poverty is inevitable and no means to try and escape it

Question 4

Shelley

Answer 4

British romantic poet who believed industrialization is destroying nature. Important because she created a nostalgia for pre Industrial Revolutionary society, causing criticism in the IR.

Question 5

Owen

Answer 5

Thought capitalists were not doing enough to help people. Significant because he tried to create a utopian society in Indiana with better wages and shorter working hours

Question 6

Fourier

Answer 6

Fourier had the idea of Phalansteries = cooperative communities in France with no division of labor. Significant because he tried to make people work in what they are passionate in and he even attempted it in Massachusetts.

Question 7

Saint-Simon

Answer 7

Created a Utopia with a planned economy. He was significant because he believed that society would be best run by the elites and scientific experts.

Question 8

Liberalism

Answer 8

Individual is the most important, belief in progress (link to the Enlightenment)

Question 9

British Utalitarianism

Answer 9

English liberals who liked their system of government, Constitutional Monarchy, but felt there needed to be reforms inside the government

Question 10

French Constitutionalism

Answer 10

French liberals who saw the government system as broken and wanted to change the entire thing

Question 11

Bentham

Answer 11

British Liberal thinker, who critiqued irrationality, and wanted to enhance pleasure and reduce pain. Important bc he was a utilitarianism. He also created the idea of the Bentham prison system, which made prisoners believe they are being watched at all times, even when they are not, so they behave better.

Question 12

Constant

Answer 12

Liberal French leader who argued individual rights are the most important part of Liberty. Important because these liberal ideas of individualism were embraces of Democracy in Europe.

Question 13

Tocqueville

Answer 13

Liberal French historian who moved to the U.S. Believed the old world was gone and France cannot restore to its glory. Freedom must have space for individuality which America does not allow, because you must be in majority to win

Question 14

Nationalism

Answer 14

Everyone is in an imagined community, you are always connected with people you do not know. Very popular among conservatism

Question 15

Conservatism

Answer 15

Embrace tradition, but it was a revise of Burke, embrace Catholicism and reject reformation and the enlightenment. Catholics are the main tradition in Europe

Question 16

Maistre

Answer 16

French nationalist who emphasized the violence in politics (Terror in the FR). Important because he links religion to nationalism due to his belief that history is controlled by God and the monarchy must be restored to express God’s will.

Question 17

Feminism

Answer 17

challenged all other isms, belief women should be apart of the public sphere and have the same rights as men.

Question 18

Opposition to Feminism

Answer 18

Sociology= men always need the higher position for society to be orderly
biology = women’s brains are smaller and body is focused in the pelvis not the head

Question 19

Olympe de Gouges

Answer 19

French feminist writer during the FR that responded to Declaration of Rights of Man with the Declaration of Rights of Women. Significant because she was executed in the Terror but started the feminism movement

Question 20

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 20

Feminist writer who argued the only reason women are lower than men is because women are taught to please men. She is important because she advocated for equal education among sexes as they were both equally rational just not equally educated.

Question 21

Romanticism

Answer 21

individuality, self-consciousness, freedom. Romantic heroes = careful reflection, never fixed place or identity, highly emotional life

Question 22

Goethe

Answer 22

German romantic author who created lots of romantic heroes in his novels. Important because he highlighted the themes of the danger of self-destruction in romantic heroes, like suicide

Question 23

Chateaubriand

Answer 23

French romantic writer that wrote about the alienation in industrial society. the anomie. Important because he put romantic heroes in a conservative context.

Question 24

Hugo

Answer 24

French romantic author that argued the poet and artist must have individual divisions. Important because he put romanticism in a liberal context.

Question 25

Political change after Napoleonic Era in France

Answer 25

End of aristocracy, life is all about money, critique of the bourgeoise, rise in realism

Question 26

realism

Answer 26

Boredom of everyday life, everything is dull, painted that and showed it

Question 27

Stendhal

Answer 27

Diplomat of Napoleon in France, became a realist writer and said that hollow people only care about getting ahead in society. Important because he critiques romanticism and writes novels that do not feature romantic heroes but everyday people

Question 28

Flaubert

Answer 28

French lawyer who became a writer because he found the law boring. He wrote on boredom and believed that language is devalued and people just use cliches. Important because he mocked romanticism and stressed realism by making the author everywhere but nowhere in his novels.

Question 29

Industrial Revolution Writers and year

Answer 29

late 1700s early 1800s
Adam Smith,
Ricardo,
Shelley,
Owen,
Fourier,
Saint-Simon

Question 30

Liberal writers and years

Answer 30

late 1700s early 1800s
Bentham
Constant
Tocqueville

Question 31

Feminism writers and years

Answer 31

late 1700s
Olympe de Gouges
Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 32

Romanticist writers

Answer 32

Goethe
Chateaubriand
Hugo

Question 33

Realist writers

Answer 33

Stendhal
Balzac
Flaubert