Final Greatest Hits Flashcards
which domain should always be improved/worked on first in post-op rehab?
ROM!!
internal plates are stress ____
shielding
which fixations are stress sharing?
screws
pins
rods
casts
wires
external fixators
nails
can WB be done with plates or stress shielding devices?
NO
what is the best WB protocol for stress sharing devices?
early WB helps with callous formation
absolute stability is required for ____ fracture healing
primary
when is PEACE used? what is it?
immediately after soft tissue injury
Protection
Elevation
Avoid anti-inflammatories
Compression
Education
when is LOVE used? what is it?
a few days after soft tissue injury
Load
Optimism
Vascularization
Exercise
how long does a tendon take to heal?
3-7 weeks
how long does tendonitis take to heal?
3-4 weeks to 5-7 weeks
how long does tendon laceration take to heal?
5-7 weeks to 3-6 months
how long does an exercise induced muscle injury take to heal?
0-3 days
how long does a grade 1 muscle strain take to heal?
0-14 days
how long does a grade 2 muscle strain take to heal?
4 days - 3 months
how long does a grade 3 muscle strain take to heal?
4 days - 3 months
how long does a bone injury take to heal?
5 weeks - 3 months
how long does an articular cartilage repair take to heal?
2 months - 2 years
how long does a grade 1 ligament injury take to heal?
0-3 days
how long does a grade 2 ligament injury take to heal?
3 weeks - 6 months
how long does a grade 3 ligament injury take to heal?
5 weeks - 1 year
stage 1 ACL ligamentation
acute inflamation
0-2 months
when does avascular necrosis occur after ACL repair?
0-3 weeks
when does revascularization occur after an ACL repair?
6-8 weeks
stage 2 ACL Ligamentation
rapid remodeling
2-10 months
increase collagen, cellularity, vascularity
when is the risk for ACL retear occurs when?
~12 weeks
stage 3 ACL ligamentation
maturation
10-36 months
cellular and metabolic activity decrease
Criteria for full ambulation (phase I ACL rehab)
≥ 0 degrees knee extension
90 degrees knee flexion
≥ 30 SLR without lag
Minimal effusion, pain, symmetrical gait without a limp
MD or PT approval
Criteria for jogging (phase 2 ACL rehab)
Pain less than 3/10 (worst)
Within 2 degrees normal knee extension
120 degrees knee flexion
Quadriceps and hamstring strength ≥ 60% normal
< 4cm deficit on single-leg squat (anterior reach)
at least 1 min of single leg squats
MD or PT approval
Criteria for heavy agility (phase 3 ACL rehab)
Pain less than 2/10 (worst)
Quadriceps and hamstring strength ≥ 80% normal
≥ 50% H/Q ratio female
at least 3 mins single leg squats (resisted)
≤ 5 on landing error scoring system (less)
MD or PT approval
PCL rehab recommendations
closed kinetic chain exercises immediately after
hamstring strengthening delay 6-12 weeks
what is the optimal length for a LE residual limb (AKA)?
long femur
post-op precautions for mastectomy
no shoulder elevation past 90
PROM only
avoid static dependent position
elevate arm 30 deg supine
contraindications for post-op mastectomy
ultrasound
e-stim
HEAT!!
aggressive exercise
aggressive manual
what to avoid in first 2 weeks of post-op mastectomy?
lifting arm above shoulder height
lifting or pushing with involved arm
lifting >5 lbs.
push up from bed or push open door
pulling towards the body with involved arm
how many degrees does the temperature increase with mild thermal US?
1 degree
how many degrees does the temperature increase with moderate thermal US?
2 degrees
how many degrees does the temperature increase with vigorous thermal US?
4 degrees
which balance system has the fastest processing time?
somatosensory
list the balance systems in order of fastest processing time to slowest
somatosensory
visual
vestibular
how many degrees of A/P sway
12 deg
how many degrees of M/L sway
16 deg
where is the COM?
S2
what moves in static balance?
COM only
what systems contribute to balance?
MSK
reactive mechanisms
anticipatory mechanisms (internal)
proactive mechanisms (external)
sensory systems
neuromuscular synergies
where are the hips in relation to the ankles when standing?
hips in front of ankles
where are the hips in relation to the shoulders when sitting?
shoulder over hips
what is muscle tone?
force with which muscles resist
what is postural tone?
antigravity muscles
what are the 3 components of balance?
vision
vestibular
proprioceptive (somatosensory)
what does the semicircular canals detect?
angular acceleration
what do the otolith organs detect?
linear acceleration
head position with respect to gravity
what brain areas contribute the most to balance?
cerebellum
basal ganglia
supplementary motor area
what is the motor control model?
individual + task + environment = motor control
T/F: balance cannot be trained in isolation.
T
heat and cold contraindications
- Acute and early subacute traumatic and inflammatory conditions
- Decreased circulation
- Decreased sensation
- DVT
- Impaired cognitive function
- Malignant tumors
- Tendency towards hemorrhage or edema
- Very young
- Elderly
iontophoresis dosing
dose 40
intensity 4 or 2
time 10 mins or 20 mins
cathode is - or +?
negative
anode is - or +?
+
ion movement is affected by ____
current density
which meds are negative for iontophoresis?
acetate
dexamethasone
which meds are positive for iontophoresis?
lidocaine
is iontophoresis DC or AC?
DC
where do you put the meds for iontophoresis?
on the same charged electrode
what does biofeedback mainly measure?
motor unit of action potentials generated by muscles
what other things does biofeedback measure?
skin temp
skin conductance
vasocontraction or pulse
EMG activity **
pressure **
where to place electrodes for EMG biofeedback
parallel
what are the contraindications for biofeedback?
NONE
what are yellow flags?
emotions
behaviors
family
work
compensation
