Final - Grammar - Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is the present perfect subjunctive?
The present perfect subjunctive is a mood that refers to the recent past and is translated as the present perfect in English: “the train has arrived.”
Like all subjunctive moods, the present perfect subjunctive must be caused. The main clause must have a verb or expression that calls for the use of the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. The present or future tense of certain verbs in the main clause will cause the present perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause.
Yo dudo que el tren haya llegado.
I doubt that the train has arrived.
El maestro espera que los estudiantes hayan estudiado.
The teacher hopes that the students have studied.
How do you form the present perfect subjunctive?
The present perfect subjunctive is a compound verb form. It is formed by conjugating “haber” into the appropriate present subjunctive form (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayais, hayan) and attaching it to the past participle of the main verb.
Yo haya hablado. - I have spoken
Ellas hayan votado - They have voted.
