Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psyc 310 > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of communication flows directly from one employee to her supervisor?

A

upward communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of communication flows directly from a supervisor to employee?

A

downward communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the different grapevine categories?

A

isolates, liaisons, dead-enders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

employees who receive less than half of the information

A

isolates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

employees who both receive most of the information and pass it on to others

A

liaisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

employees who receive most of the information but seldom pass it on

A

dead-enders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factor, referred to as interference, affects the proper reception of a message and that is defined as actual noise, appropriateness of the channel, bias, feelings about the person communicating, mood, and perceived motives?

A

Definition of noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of nonverbal communication/ nonverbal cues?

A

Body Language

  • eye contact
  • expressions
  • posture
  • arm and leg use
  • motion
  • touching

Use of space
Use of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are our tendencies when we have too much information?

A

level
sharpen
assimilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

unimportant information is removed

A

level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interesting and unusual information if kept

A

sharpen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

information is modified to fit existing beliefs and knowledge

A

assimilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different listening styles? Be prepared to be tested via the presentation of definitions and/or scenarios.

A 
leisure
inclusive
stylistic
technical
empathetic
nonconforming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

people who listen only for words that indicate pleasure

A

leisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

people who listen for the main idea and meaning behind any communication

A

inclusive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

people who listen to the way the communication is presented

A

stylistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

people who listen to the details during the communication

A

technical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

people who pay attention to the feelings and other nonverbal cues of the speaker during the communication

A

empathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

people who attend to information that is consistent with their beliefs and ways of thinking

A

nonconforming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Research and literature reviews have identified certain traits that differentiate leaders from non-leaders (leader emergence). What traits are differentiating traits?

A
  • intelligence
  • openness to experience
  • extraversion
  • conscientiousness
  • neuroticism/emotional stability
  • high self-monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Regarding orientation, what are some examples/characteristics of a task versus person orientation?

A

task-oriented leaders: theory X leaders

Person-oriented leaders: Theory Y leaders
Leaders who are high in both task and person orientations are most effective as leaders and will have high performance, low turnover, and low grievance rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

set goals and give orders

A

task-oriented leaders: theory X leaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

act in a warm, supportive manner an show concern for the employees
-believe employees are intrinsically

A

person-oriented Leaders: theory Y leaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A factor that is related to Fiedler’s Contingency Model is the favorableness of a situation. According to this theory, the favorableness of a situation is determined by what three variables?

A

task structuredness
leader position power
leader-member relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the extent to which tasks have clear goals and problems can be solved; the more structured the task, the more favorable the situation

A

task structuredness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the extent to which a leader, by nature of his or her position, has the power to reward and punish subordinates; the greater the position or legitimate power, the more favorable the sutiation

A

leader position power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the extent to which subordinates like a leader; the more subordinates like their leader, the more favorable the situation will be

A

leader-member relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Based on the Path Goal theory, House (1971) believes that a leader’s behavior will be accepted by subordinates only to the extent to which the behavior does what?

A

help the subordinates achieve their goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which theory concentrates on the interactions between leaders and subordinates or leader–member exchanges?

A

leader-member exchange LMX theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

With respect to the types of leadership, what are the characteristics of transactional leadership versus transformational leadership?

A

Transactional Leadership- leadership style in which the leader focuses on task-oriented behaviors(setting goals, monitoring performance, and providing consequence for success or failure)
-Transformational leadership- visionary leadership in which the leader changes the nature and goals of an organization

Transformational leaders are visionary, charismatic, inspirational, confident, and optimistic; and they challenge the status-quo and carefully analyze problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What form of leadership requires that leaders reflect on their own ethics, core beliefs, and values rather than leading by copying the leadership style of others?

A

authentic leadership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What criterion for being considered a group refers to a condition when something affects one member of the group it affects all members?

A

corresponding effects (interdependence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What term refers to the extent to which group members like and trust one another?

A

group cohesiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the different group roles members can assume?

A

task oriented roles
social-oriented roles
individual role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

involve behaviors such as offering new ideas, coordinating activities, finding new information

A

task-oriented roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

involve encouraging cohesiveness and participation

A

social-oriented roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a third category that includes blocking group activities, calling attention to oneself, and avoiding group interaction; seldom result in higher group productivity

A

individual role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Considers the effect on individual performance when people work together on a task. States that individuals in a group often exert less individual effort than they would if they were not in a group.

A

What is a definition of social loafing according to the social loafing theory?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is a situation in which a group becomes so cohesive and like-minded that it makes poor decisions by ignoring information relevant to the decision-making process known as?

A

groupthink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which source of conflict results when geographical boundaries or lines of authority are unclear?

A

jurisdictional ambiguity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the conflict resolution strategy that involves a neutral third party who operates as facilitator and who helps both sides reach a mutually agreeable solution known as?

A

mediation

42
Q

What methods facilitate upward communication?

A 
Attitude surveys
Focus groups
Exit interviews
Suggestion/complaint boxes
-allows for the communication of opinions, complaints, suggestions, etc. to management in a designated area and in an anonymous fashion at virtually any time.
Third Party facilitators
-liaison
-ombudsperson
43
Q

What are the different types of grapevine patterns?

A

single-strand pattern
gossip pattern
probability pattern
cluster pattern

44
Q

information is passed on from one person to another

A

single strand

45
Q

information is passed on by one person to a selected group

A

gossip

46
Q

information is passed on by one person to a selected group who then randomly passes on the information

A

probability

47
Q

information is passed on by one person to a selected group who then selectively passes on the information

A

cluster

48
Q

the exchange of a message across a communication channel from one person to another

A

What is a definition of interpersonal communication?

49
Q

What is a definition of paralanguage? Be prepared to be tested via the presentation of definitions and/or scenarios.

A 
Rate of speech
loudness
intonation
amount of talking
voice pitch
pauses
50
Q

What do artifacts include? Be prepared to be tested via the presentation of definitions and/or scenarios.

A 
our office
-decor
-desk placement
what we wear
-clothing
-accessories
-hair styles
-tattoos
the care we drive 
the house we live in
51
Q

What are our reactions to information overload? Be prepared to be tested via the presentation of definitions and/or scenarios.

A 
omission
error
queuing
escape
use of a gatekeeper
use of multiple channels
52
Q

involves the conscious decision not to process certain types of information

A

omission

53
Q

involves processing all information but processing some of it incorrectly

A

error

54
Q

involves prioritizing and organizing information into an order in which it will be handled; placing the communication into a waiting line

A

queuing

55
Q

involves an employee beginning to miss a lot of work or leaving the organization to reduce stress

A

escape

56
Q

involves the use of a person who screens potential communication for someone else and allows only the most important information to pass through

A

use of a gatekeeper

57
Q

involves directing some of the communication to another person

A

use of multiple channels

58
Q

What factors affect the way in which a received message is interpreted?

A
  • listening skills
  • listening style
  • emotional state
  • cognitive ability
  • bias
59
Q

Research by McClelland and Burnham (1976) and McClelland and Boyatzis (1982) has demonstrated that high performance managers have a “leadership motive pattern.” High performance managers have what type of leadership motive pattern?

A

High need for achievement
high need for power
low need for affiliation

60
Q

Hogan (1989) has identified characteristics associated with poor leadership. What are characteristics associated with poor leadership?

A

lack of training
cognitive deficiencies
personality problems

61
Q

What are the behavioral styles and respective ideal climates according to the IMPACT theory of leadership?

A

leadership style:

  • information
  • magnetic
  • position affiliation
  • coercove
  • tactical

Ideal climate:

  • ignorance
  • despair
  • instability
  • anxiety
  • crisis
  • disorganization
62
Q

What are the four behavioral leadership styles proposed by House ‘s Path Goal theory?

A

instrumental style
supportive style
participate style
achievement-oriented style

63
Q

a leadership style in which the leaders influence others by virtue of their appointed or elected authority

A

position

64
Q

effective in a climate of _____, an organizational climate in which people are not sure what to do

A

instability

65
Q

a style of leadership in which the leader leads through knowledge and information

A

information

66
Q

effective in a climate of _____, an organizational climate in which important information is not available

A

ignorance

67
Q

a style of leadership in which the leader has influence because of his or her charismatic personality

A

magnetic

68
Q

effective in a climate of ____, an organizational climate characterized by low morale

A

despair

69
Q

a leadership style in which the individual leads by caring about others

A

affiliation

70
Q

effective in a climate of _____, an organizational climate in which worry predominates

A

anxiety

71
Q

a leadership style in which the individual leads by controlling reward and punishment

A

coercive

72
Q

effective in a climate of ____, a critical time or climate for an organization in which the outcome to a decision has extreme consequences

A

crisis

73
Q

a leadership style in which a person leads through organization and strategy

A

tactical

74
Q

effective climate of ______________, a climate in which the organization has the necessary knowledge/resources bus does not know how to efficiently use the knowledge/resources

A

disorganization

75
Q

plans, organizes, controls

A

instrumental style

76
Q

shows concern for employees

A

supportive style

77
Q

shares information and lets employees participate

A

participative style

78
Q

sets challenging goals and rewards increases in performance

A

achievement-oriented style

79
Q

What are the different forms of power a leader can obtain?

A 
expert power
legitimate power
reward power
coercive power
referent power
80
Q

power that individuals have because they have knowledge

A

expert power

81
Q

the power that individuals have because of their elected or appointed position

A

legitimate power

82
Q

leadership power that exists to the extent that the leader has the ability and authority to provide rewards

A

reward power

83
Q

leadership power that comes from the leader’s capacity to punish others

A

coercive power

84
Q

leadership power that exists when followers can identify with a leader and the leader’s goals and when followers have positive feelings the leader

A

referent power

85
Q

Visionary charismatic managers are often known as what type of leaders?

A

transformational leaders

86
Q

What are the criteria for being a group?

A

multiple members
group rewards
corresponding effects(interdependence)
common goals

87
Q

2 or more people that perceive themselves as a group

A

multiple members

88
Q

process must be beneficial and valued; the group must provide rewards to its members

A

group rewards

89
Q

anything that happens to one member of the group affects every other member

A

corresponding effects(interdependence)

90
Q

the members of the group must share a common goal

A

common goals

91
Q

What are the reasons why people join groups?

A

psychological needs
survival needs
commonality
situational reasons

92
Q

What term refers to the extent to which group members are similar?

A

group homogeneity

93
Q
  • the negative effects that occur when a person performs a task in the presence of others
  • social facilitation: the positive effects that occur when a person performs a task in the presence of others
A

What is a definition of social inhibition; what is a definition social facilitation?

94
Q

What are truths regarding the effects of individual dominance in a group?

A

When one member of a group dominates the group
If the leader or group member asserting his/her dominance has an accurate solution to a problem, is intelligent, and conscientiousness; the group will probably perform at a high level.

95
Q

What type of team is also called cross-functional teams and consists of representatives from various departments (functions) within an organization teams consist of representatives from various departments within an organization?

A

parallel teams

96
Q

What are the different reactions to conflict/ different conflict styles?

A 
avoiding style
accommodating style
forcing style
collaborating style
compromising style
97
Q

What is the conflict resolution strategy in which a neutral third party who operates as a judge and who listens to all parties involved in a conflict and then makes a decision called?

A

arbitration; under third party intervention

98
Q

the conflict style of a person who reacts to conflict by pretending that it doesnt exist

A

avoiding style; withdrawal and trianlging

99
Q

the conflict style of a person who tends to respond to conflict by giving in to the other person

A

Accommodating style; also known as the “giving-in” style, “smoothing and conciliation” style

100
Q

the conflict style of a person who responds to conflict by always trying to win

A

forcing style; winning at all costs

101
Q

the conflict style of a person who wants a conflict resolved in such a way that both sides get what they want

A

collaborating style; win win style

102
Q

a style of resolving conflicts in which an individual allows each side to get some of what it wants

A

compromising style; negotiation and bargaining, give and take

psyc 310 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions