beginning of exam 1 (powerpoint 1)

Question 1

a branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace

Answer 1

industrial/org psyc

Question 2

focus on determining the competencies needed to perform a job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through training

Answer 2

industrial approach

Question 3

creates an organizational structure and culture that will motivate employees to perform well, give them the necessary information to do their jobs, and provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying work/life environment

Answer 3

organizational approach

Question 4

concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees

Answer 4

personnel psyc

Question 5

investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an organization

Answer 5

organizational psyc

Question 6

concentrates on the interaction between humans and machines

Answer 6

human factors/ergonomics

Question 7

well thought-out suggestions or ideas

Answer 7

hypotheses

Question 8

systematic sets of assumptions regarding the nature and cause of particular events

Answer 8

theories

Question 9

vigilant and hypervigilant decision making experiment; controlled setting

Answer 9

laboratory

Question 10

assigned vs participative goal setting experiment; natural, real-world setting

Answer 10

field

Question 11

independent variable is manipulated AND subjects are randomly assigned to conditions; can investigate and determine/infer causal relationships

Answer 11

experiment

Question 12

independent variable is not manipulated OR subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions

Answer 12

Quasi- experiment

Question 13

involves using previously collected data or recordS

Answer 13

archival research

Question 14

a technique that allows results from several different research studies to be combined and summarized; typically rely on indicators of effect size, or estimates of the magnitude of the relationship or effectiveness of some variable

Answer 14

meta-analysis

Question 15

highly detailed description of a single individual; generally used to investigate rare, unusual, or extreme conditions

Answer 15

case study

Question 16

investigation of opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group through self-report

Answer 16

survey

Question 17

a meeting at which information is obtained from a person

Answer 17

interview

Question 18

direct observation and recording of naturally occurring behavior

Answer 18

natural observation

Question 19

in an experiment, the variable that is manipulated; the cause in the causal relationship
in nonexperimental method, the variable that influences another variable; the predictor or standalone variable

Answer 19

independent variable

Question 20

in an experiment, the measure of behavior that is expected to change as a result of manipulative changes in the IV; the effect in the causal relationship
in nonexperimental method, the variable that is influenced by another variable; the criterion, outcome, measured variable

Answer 20

dependent variable

Question 21

a third variable that can often explain the relationship between two other variables; another possible cause

Answer 21

extraneous/intervening variable

Question 22

in an experiment, the group that is subjected to change in the independent variable

Answer 22

experimental group

Question 23

in an experiment, that group that receives no treatment or the standard treatment and is not exposed to the experimental manipulation of the IV; the group that serves as a baseline

Answer 23

control group

Question 24

used when experiments are not practical or when manipulating a variable may not be ethical ; cannot determine cause-effect relationships

Answer 24

quasi experiment

Question 25

a sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the study

Answer 25

random

Question 26

small quantity of a targeted group whose characteristics represent as accurately as possible the entire population

Answer 26

representative

Question 27

participants are selected on the basis of chance alone from a larger population of subjects

Answer 27

random selection

Question 28

a nonrandom research sample that is used because if is easily available

Answer 28

convenience selection

Question 29

the random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various experimental and control conditions

Answer 29

random assighment

Question 30

if the p< .05 then what

Answer 30

the results are statistically significant and there was a treatment effect

Question 31

the extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior

Answer 31

practical significance

Question 32

descriptive statistics, which summarize data are:

Answer 32

mean, median, mode, frequencies, standard deviation

Question 33

inferential statistics, which shows differences are:

Answer 33

t tests, analysis of variance and chi-square

Question 34

numerical indication of magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables; represents how closely and in what way two variables correlate (change together)

Answer 34

correlation coefficient

Question 35

both variables increase together

Answer 35

positive correlation +

Question 36

as one increases, the other variable decreases

Answer 36

negative correlation -

Question 37

gathering, analyzing, and structuring information about a job's components, characteristics, and requirements

Answer 37

job analysis

Question 38

allows for the writing of a brief summary of the tasks and job requirements

Answer 38

writing job descriptions

Question 39

allows for the selection or development of selection tests or interview questions that will permit the identification of qualified applicants

Answer 39

employee selection

Question 40

allows for the creation of systematic training programs

Answer 40

training

Question 41

allows for the determination of an employee's mobility within the company

Answer 41

personpower planning

Question 42

allows for the construction of a performance appraisal instrument

Answer 42

performance appraisal

Question 43

allows for the grouping of jobs according to similarities in requirements and duties, useful in determining pay levels, transfers, and promotions

Answer 43

job classification

Question 44

allows for the determination of a job's worth, worth is based on level of responsibility, physical demands, mental demands, education requirements, training, and experience requirements, and work conditions

Answer 44

job evaluation

Question 45

allows for the determination of the optimal way to do a job.

Answer 45

job design

Question 46

allows for the determination of the job relatedness of a job's requirements

Answer 46

compliance with legal guidelines

Question 47

allows for an analysis to be done at the organizational level

Answer 47

organizational analysis

Question 48

a judicial interpretation of a law that establishes a precedent for future cases

Answer 48

case law

Question 49

occurs when the selection rate for one group is less than 80% of the rate for the highest scoring group

Answer 49

four fifths rule; adverse impact

Question 50

granting of sexual favors is tied to employment decisions; single incident is enough; organization is always liable

Answer 50

quid pro quo

Question 51

pattern of conduct, related to gender, is unwanted, negative to the reasonable person, affects a term, condition, or privilege of employment

Answer 51

hostile environment harassment claims

Question 52

reasons for affirmative action plans, involuntary

Answer 52

government regulation, court order

Question 53

reasons for affirmative action plans, voluntary

Answer 53

consent decree, desire to be a good citizen

Question 54

protects citizens against unreasonable search or seizure by the government

Answer 54

fourth amendment

Question 55

steps to conducting a job analysis

Answer 55

1. identify tasks performed 2. write task statements 3. rate task statements 4. determine essential KSAOs 5. select tests to tap KSAOs

Question 56

a body of information needed to perform a task

Answer 56

knowledge

Question 57

the proficiency to perform a certain task

Answer 57

skill

Question 58

a basic capacity for performing a wide range of different tasks, acquiring a knowledge, or developing a skill

Answer 58

ability