Final Exam Study Flashcards
what are minerals, can they be synthesized
-inorganic
-cannot be synthesized
how much do we need of major and trace minerals
major
>100 mg/day
trace
<100mg/day
what’s bioavailability
amount of nutrient ingested that can be absorbed
are minerals found in plant or animal sources
both
hypokalemia
potassium deficiency
symptoms:
-fatigue
-arrhythmia
-constipation
-weakness
hyperkalemia
(after kidney damage)
normal blood pressure
120/80
normal blood pressure
prehypertension
hypertension stage I
hypertension stage II
120/80
120-139 OR 80-89
140-159 OR 90-99
160+ OR 100+
hematocrit
% of RBC in blood
men
40-55%
women
37-47%
blood calcium regulation
low calcium
-parathyroid hormone released
-increases kidney reabsorption
-increases active vit D
high calcium
-calcitonin released
-inhibits calcium release from the bone
BMI ranges
under
-18.5
normal
18.5-25
overweight
25-30
obese
30+
EER
estimated calorie needs
-weight in KG
-height in METERS
respiratory quotient
ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed
(CO2/O2)
(C to C ratio)
burning more carbs
-close to 1
burning more fat
-0.7
burning protien
-0.8-0.9
measuring body fat content
-skin fold
-bioelectric impendence
-DEXA scan (BEST)
Leptin
-stop eating (full) hormone
weight cycling/yoyo dieting
-gaining and losing tons of weight
consequences
-increased risk for upper-body fat deposition
-erosion of self esteem
-decrease in HDL
-decrease in immunity
-increase in fat/lean ration (store more fat)
copper
-helps in REDOX reactions
-iron absorption
chromium
-body regulates absorption well
-deficiency-> weight loss, glucose intolerance, nerve damage
iodine
-thyroid
-deficiency-> goiter, less thyroid hormone, cretenism
zinc
-transported by albumin
-cant be stored
-yeast increases absorption
-meat, seafood, nuts, greens, beans
selenium
-protects against cancer
-get from soil
iron
-binds to ferritin for absorption
-oxygen & hemoglobin bind
-toxicity-> nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, & mucosal block not work
where is magnesium stored, how is it excreted
-stored in bones
-excreted through kidneys
functions of major minerals
sodium
-water balance
-muscle & nerve function
-absorption of glucose
potassium
-water balance
-muscle & nerve function
magnesium
-muscle & nerve function
-energy production
-insulin
-maintain calcium
calcium
-muscle & nerve function
