Exam 4 Cards Flashcards
good health effects of alcohol
-stimulate appetite
-decrease stress/anxiety
-DECREASE RISK OF CVD
-increase HDL
-decrease LDL
Alcohol Metabolism Pathway
-Alcohol -> Acetaldehyde
(enzyme: alcohol dehydrogenase ADH)
-Acetaldehyde -> AcetylCoA
(enzyme: aldehyde dehydrogenase)
-AcetylCoA -> fatty acid or TCA/ETC (makes CO2 H2O and energy)
where are the alcohol metabolism pathways
-ADH (stomach & liver)
-MEOS (liver)
-catalase (liver)
catabolic vs anabolic
catabolic
-breaks down larger molecules
anabolic
-build larger molecules
what is a REDOX reaction
-reduction
-oxidation
LEOGER
lose electron oxidation
gain electron reduction
what vitamins are key for NADH and FADH2
-niacin (NADH)
-riboflavin (FADH2)
what vitamins are required for the bridge step
4 B Vitamins
-thiamin
-niacin
-riboflavin
-pantothenic acid
what is first step in citric acid cycle
acetylcoa reacts with oxaloacatate to form citrate
90% of glucose metabolism ATP comes from
ETC
what does ETC require
-iron
-copper
how much ATP from NADH and FADH2
NADH
2.5 ATP
FADH2
1.5 ATP
sources of fatty acids
-dietary
-from adipose tissue (hormone-sensitive lipase
fatty acid transport (cell & mitochondria)
into cell
-passive diffusion
into mitochondria
-covalent linkage to carnitine
what vitamin is required for transamination or deamination
B6
glucogenic vs ketogenic
glucogenic
-becomes pyruvate
ketogenic (cant become glucose)
-becomes acetylcoa
catabolism of each
MAKES ACETYLCOA
carbs (all, cytoplasm->mitochondria)
-glycolysis & bridge step
lipids (liver, mitochondria)
-beta oxidation
proteins (liver & kidneys, mitochondria)
-deamination
alcohol (liver, cytoplasm & mitochondria)
-MEOS
beta oxidization quick summary
fatty acid 2C -> 1 acetlycoa -> FADH & NADH
what happens to N when a protein is broken down
its converted to urea and excreted in urine
can do do fat matabolism without glucose
no you need it to make compounds
aerobic vs anaerobic respiration
aerobic
-oxygen
-MOST ENERGY
anaerobic
-no oxygen
-cori cycle (lactate->muscle fatigue)
catabolism of each
MAKES ACETYLCOA
carbs (all, cytoplasm->mitochondria)
-glycolysis & bridge step
lipids (liver, mitochondria)
-beta oxidation
proteins (liver & kidneys, mitochondria)
-deamination
alcohol (liver, cytoplasm & mitochondria)
-MEOS
3 types of fasting
postprandial (0-6 hours)
-breaks down glycogen
-breaks down fatty acids from adipose
-breaks down lean tissue (to make glucose)
short term (3-5 days)
-no carbs left
-most energy from lean muscle
long term (5+ days)
-no carbs left
-metabolism slows
-ketone bodies
-death (lean body mass 50% gone)
purpose of carbs
-provide energy (CNS and RBC)
-prevent protein breakdown
-prevent ketone body formation
functions of proteins
-energy
-glucose formation
-acid base balance
-structure
-immune function (cells)
-hormones & enzymes
-fluid balance
