Final Exam Short Definitions Part 1 Plus Supplmeents From Me

Question 1

Communism definition:

Answer 1

An ideology that seeks to create human equality by eliminating private property and market forces.

Question 2

Who created the ideology of communism?

Answer 2

Karl Marx

Question 3

Marx believes what?

Answer 3

An inherent conflict between base (economic system of society, made up of technology and class relations between people) and the superstructure (institutions like religion, culture, and national identity) that Marx saw as exploiting the base.

Question 4

Why did Marx and other communists rejected liberal democracy?

Answer 4

They believed it purported to allow people into political process when in fact those with wealth truly controlled politics

Question 5

Social democracy definition:

Answer 5

Political-economic system where freedom and equality are balanced through the states management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures

Question 6

Social democracy is sometimes called what?

Answer 6

Socialism

Question 7

Ideology

Answer 7

A system of ideas and ideals especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

Question 8

Social democracy comes from which two ideologies ?

Answer 8

Communism and liberalism

Question 9

Mercantilism definition:

Answer 9

A political economic system in which national economic power is paramount and the domestic economy is viewed as an instrument that exists primarily to serve the needs of the state

Question 10

When was mercantilism big?

Answer 10

In Europe from the 16th to the 18th century

Question 11

Revolution

Answer 11

Public seizure of the state in order to overturn the existing government and regime

Question 12

Terrorism

Answer 12

Use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians in order to achieve a political goal

Question 13

Revolution is not:

Answer 13

1. Coups d’état: elites remove a regime govt. $ replace it w a new one (Russia 1917, Chile 1973, Mali 2012)
2. A negotiated transition: leaders of one regime plan to switch to a new system (Chile 1989, South Africa 1994)
3. Secessionist movement: one group seeks local control or independence (South Sudan 2011)

Question 14

Proletariat definition:

Answer 14

Working class (people who produce value through labor labor)

Question 15

Bourgeoisie definition:

Answer 15

Property-owning (business) class

• people who benefit from value created by workers

Question 16

Human development index (HDI):

Answer 16

• compiled through United Nations statistics
• includes expected years of education, life expectancy, and income
• data sources are not always reliable

Question 17

Gini index:

Answer 17

Measures inequality

• income distribution over population
• the lower the gini score, the more equal the society

Question 18

GDP:

Answer 18

The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year

• divided by the country’s population = GDP per capita

Question 19

Ways to measure poverty and inequality:

Answer 19

1. GDP
2. Gini index
3. HDI (human development index)

Question 20

Democratic institutions:

Answer 20

1. Executive
2. Legislature
3. Judiciary
4. Political parties

Question 21

Democratic institutions: executive

Answer 21

Head of state versus head of government

Question 22

Democratic institutions: legislature

Answer 22

Chambers (bicameral or unicameral)

• power and selection

Question 23

Democratic institutions: judiciary

Answer 23

• rule of law

- Constitutional courts and judicial review

Question 24

executive

Answer 24

Branch of government that carries out laws and policies of the state

Question 25

Legislature

Answer 25

The branch of government that makes laws

Question 26

Unicameral legislatures:

Answer 26

1. Denmark
2. Norway
3. Tunisia

Question 27

Bicameral legislatures:

Answer 27

1. United Kingdom
2. United States
3. Germany