Final exam select topics-nanotox Flashcards
what 3 things define nano tox
- research/technology 1D structures 1-100nm
- unique properties and functions
- control or manipulate on atomic scale
what are 3 key properties of them
- size shape structure (physical chemical)
- surface charge or reactivity
- dose metric
what are 3 main compositions of chemistry and geometry for NPs
polymetric, inorganic and hybrid (IDK)
why do NPs like to form aggreagates
because they are so tiny
what is zeta potential + what is the value usually and why
electric potential of outer surface of sphere (generally <30mV or >30mV to avoid agglomeration)
what iis special about their surface area
its massive compared to volume or whatever
what are 2 things that its surface reactivity is related to
high surface area and surface charge
what is protein corona
protein adsorption layer forms on the surface of colloidal NPs
what is protein corona important for
interactions with living matter
what do we use for dosemetrics (4 examples)
s, SA, mass, diameter
what influences absorption
routs and size/shape/surface chemistry
what influences metabolism
unknown if NPs are metabolized, functional groups may be
what influences excretion
the routes, and the size/shape/charge/hydrophobicity
what is distribution like for NPs
can reach systemic circulate and distribute and interact with
what influences distribution in the body
flow or entrapment in lymph vessels, adhesion to capillary walls, extraversion and movement into tissues
what 3 things are key factors for distribution
size, surface modifications and portal of entry
what does a small particle size do to diffusion assays
increases speed
what does a small particle size do to sedimentation assays
decreases speed
what is an issue of something that NPs can do in an assay
trigger agglomerates
why is it bad that NPs can trigger agglomerates
bc you dont know if that is toxicity or just it naturally causing agglomeration
what are 4 things that NPs can also do in bioassays
- adsorb dyes
- cell culture micronutrients
- trigger immune response
- adsorb LPS or endotoxins
what are some things that influence possible toxicity
shape, size, charge, formulation
what are 10 potential types of toxicity mechanisms
- damage membrane
- mess up ETC/ respiration
- ROS
- cell signalling
- DNA and chromosomal damage
- frusterated phagocytosis
- release of toxic metal ions from nanoparticles
- ion homeostasis
- disrupt lysosomes
- disrupt cytoskeleton
what are 4 orders of studies to do
- physiochemical characterize things for NP
- cell free assays (solubility, ROS, reactivity, aggregation)
- cellular assays (primary cells, cell lines, ex vivo)
- in vivo assays
what are some issues with gaps in knowledge
- critical to get adequate NP characterization
- appropriate dose metric for each nanoparticle
- validation for interference with assay (does it cause agglomeration)
