Final exam select topics-endocrinetox Flashcards
what is FeBAD
fetal basis of adult disease (changes in early life may not manifest until much later)
what are the endocrine effects of most pesticides
estrogenic or antiestrogenic or antriestrogenic
what is the deal with polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAs)
they have high energy CF bonds which resist degradation
what is the structure of PFAs like
many CF bonds (hydrophobic core) then hydrophobic tail of carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid
what is the half life of PFAs in humans
4-5 years!
what makes BPA bad when it should be a polymrt
some polymers are unbound so can leach out
what does BPA do to humans
alter sexual development, brain and behavioural abnormalities, obesity, sterility, miscarriage
what is another name for brominated flame retardants
polybrominated biphenyls
what are some things that polybrominated biphenyls/ brominated flame retardants do
they are endocrine disrupting and neurotoxicity so linked to T2DM and metabolic syndrome
what shape is the polybrominated biphenyls/ brominated flame retardants curve
U shape
where is polybrominated biphenyls/ brominated flame retardants found in humans
adipose and breast milk
why are these curves not like the classic dose response curve (3)
- properties of receptor
- 2 separate processes that appear to be a single one (multiple binding sites)
- desensitization and high doses
what are 3 types of receptors that EDCs often mess with
NRs for estrogen and androgens and aryl hydrocarbon receptor
what are 2 types of ERs + where do they bind
alpha and beta, to same response element but diff affinities
what are 6 EDC gene transcription mechanisms
- direct recruitment of coactivators
- direct recruitment of corepressors
- change conformation of NR so it binds coactivators another NR needs
- synergism or inhibition b/w 2 NRs bound to neighboring NREs (altering DNA conformation bc they bind so close)
- competition between 2 NR for NRE
- activation of one NR may promote degradation of another (proteosome activation)
what is the ERE
estrogen response element, BPs that receptor recognizes
what happens with alpha ER knockout
increased insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance
what may alpha ER control
food intake
how can ER increase maturation of adipocytes
alpha and beta ER are on preadipocytes
what does BPA do to body weight
increases adipocyte differentiation so more
what does octylphenol do
increase adipocyte resistin production
what is resistin
peptide hormone with high levels in fat people-linked to insulin resistance
how can BPA cause hyperinsulinemia
effects on ER alpha in the pancreas
what kind of curve does BPA make
inverted U shape
