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2017SP POSITIONING II > FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:

lamina
vertebral notch
vertebral foramen
intervertebral foramina

A

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:

vertebral foramen

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2
Q

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

24
27
33
54

A

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

24

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3
Q

What is the centralray
angle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (Ferguson
Method)?

25 degrees cephalad
30 to 35 degrees cephalad
35 to 45 degrees cephalad
40 to 50 degrees cephalad

A

What is the centralray
angle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (Ferguson
Method)?

30 to 35 degrees cephalad

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4
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:

scoliosis
kyphosis
lordosis
scoliokyphosis

A

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:

scoliosis

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5
Q

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?

joints farthest from the IR

joints closest to the IR

both joints equally demonstrated

the L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR

A

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?

joints closest to the IR

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6
Q

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the
lumbar spine?

AP
lateral
AP oblique, RPO and LPO position
PA oblique, RAO and LAO position

A

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the
lumbar spine?

AP oblique, RPO and LPO position

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7
Q

What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?

Lumbar zygapophyseal joints
Intervertebral foramina
Pars interarticularis
Pedicles

A

What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?

Intervertebral foramina

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8
Q

Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?
1 AP oblique, LPO position
2 AP oblique, RPO position
3 PA oblique, RAO position

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?

1 and 3

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9
Q

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?
1 thoracic
2 lumbar
3 sacrum and coccyx

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?

1 and 3

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10
Q

Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1
lateral projection?

2 inches posterior to the ASIS

3 inches posterior to the ASIS

2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest

1.5 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches inferior to the iliac crest

A

Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1
lateral projection?

2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest

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11
Q

Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:
1 hip
2 sacrum
3 coccyx

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:
1 hip
2 sacrum
3 coccyx

2 and 3

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12
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine?

L2
L3
the ASIS
the iliac crests

A

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine?

the iliac crests

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13
Q

Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of
the grid for a lateral lumbar spine?

horizontal plane
midcoronal plane
midsagittal plane
coronal plane

A

Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of
the grid for a lateral lumbar spine?

midcoronal plane

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14
Q

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?

spinous process
transverse process
superior articular process
inferior articular process

A

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?

spinous process

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15
Q

Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction
(Ferguson Method)?

at the pubic symphysis

1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

at the level of the ASISs

A

Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction
(Ferguson Method)?

1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

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16
Q

Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?

midcoronal plane

midsagittal plane

longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS

longitudinal plane 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS

A

Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?

longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS

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17
Q

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:
1 body
2 lamina
3 vertebral arch

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:
1 body
2 lamina
3 vertebral arch

1 and 3

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18
Q

Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?
1 supports the trunk
2 protects the spinal cord
3 supports the skull superiorly

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?

1, 2, and 3

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19
Q

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a “Scottie dog”?
1 lateral
2 AP oblique
3 PA oblique

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a “Scottie dog”?
1 lateral
2 AP oblique
3 PA oblique

2 and 3

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20
Q

How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?

extended
flexed
externally rotated
internally rotated

A

How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?

extended

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21
Q

The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:

10 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad
10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees cephalad

A

The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:

10 degrees caudad

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22
Q

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:

5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—cephalad

5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad

8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—cephalad

8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—caudad

A

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:

5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad

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23
Q

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:

costovertebral joints
costotransverse joints
intervertebral joints
zygapophyseal joints

A

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:

zygapophyseal joints

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24
Q

The centralray
angle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:

0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
10 degrees caudad
5 to 10 degrees cephalad

A

The centralray
angle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:

0 degrees

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25
Q

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

2 inches at the pubic symphysis
1 inch inferior to the symphysis
1 inch at the pubic symphysis
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

A

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

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26
Q

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?

2
3
4
5

A

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?

4

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27
Q

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

at the pubic symphysis

1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

A

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

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28
Q

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:

transverse process
pars interarticularis
accessory process
mammillary process

A

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:

pars interarticularis

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29
Q

Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?

L2
L3
the ASIS
the iliac crests

A

Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?

the iliac crests

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30
Q

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:

30 degrees
45 degrees
50 degrees
55 degrees

A

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:

45 degrees

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31
Q 
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for
the AP projection?
1 flex the hips
2 flex the knees
3 flex the elbows

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A 
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for
the AP projection?
1 flex the hips
2 flex the knees
3 flex the elbows

1 and 2

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32
Q

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a
PA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?

10 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad
10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees cephalad

A

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a
PA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?

15 degrees caudad

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33
Q

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.

arches
bodies
pedicles
lamina

A

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.

lamina

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34
Q

The centralray
angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:

10 degrees caudad
10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees caudad
15 degrees cephalad

A

The centralray
angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:

15 degrees cephalad

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35
Q

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:

sacroiliac joint
pubic symphysis
acetabulum
lumbar5, sacral1 joint

A

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:

sacroiliac joint

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36
Q

The centralray
angle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:

0 degrees
5 degrees
7 degrees
5 to 7 degrees

A

The centralray
angle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:

0 degrees

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37
Q

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?
1 cervical
2 thoracic
3 lumbar

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?
1 cervical
2 thoracic
3 lumbar

1 and 3

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38
Q

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a
PA projection performed. What is the centralray
angle for this projection?

10 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad
10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees cephalad

A

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a
PA projection performed. What is the centralray
angle for this projection?

15 degrees caudad

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39
Q

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:

lamina
vertebral notch
vertebral foramen
intervertebral foramina

A

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:

vertebral foramen

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40
Q

The centralray
angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:

10 degrees caudad
10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees caudad
15 degrees cephalad

A

The centralray
angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:

15 degrees cephalad

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41
Q

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:

sacroiliac joint
pubic symphysis
acetabulum
lumbar5, sacral1 joint

A

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:

sacroiliac joint

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42
Q

The centralray
angle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:

0 degrees
5 degrees
7 degrees
5 to 7 degrees

A

The centralray
angle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:

0 degrees

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43
Q

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?
1 cervical
2 thoracic
3 lumbar

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?
1 cervical
2 thoracic
3 lumbar

1 and 3

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44
Q

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

7
12
24
33

A

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

24

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45
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

second cervical vertebra
third cervical vertebra
fourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra

A

Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

fourth cervical vertebra

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46
Q

Which of the following methods uses a “chewing motion” of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine
in an AP projection?

Ottonello
Grandy
Twining
Fuchs

A

Which of the following methods uses a “chewing motion” of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine
in an AP projection?

Ottonello

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47
Q

The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:
1 dens
2 facets
3 spinal cord

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:
1 dens
2 facets
3 spinal cord

1 and 3

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48
Q

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?

1
2
3
4

A

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?

3

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49
Q

The Grandy method is a(n):

lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region

AP/PA thoracolumbar spine

lateral thoracolumbar spine

A

The Grandy method is a(n):

lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

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50
Q

Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?

second cervical vertebra
third cervical vertebra
fourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra

A

Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?

fourth cervical vertebra

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51
Q

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:

transverse foramen
vertebral foramen
intervertebral foramina
inferior vertebral notch

A

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:

transverse foramen

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52
Q

The first cervical vertebra is called the:

axis
atlas
dens
vertebra prominens

A

The first cervical vertebra is called the:

atlas

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53
Q

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP “open mouth” atlas and axis?
Selected

glabellomeatal line
orbitomeatal line
acanthiomeatal line
a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid
process
A

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP “open mouth” atlas and axis?

a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process

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54
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

AP
lateral
AP oblique
PA oblique

A

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

lateral

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55
Q

The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?

40 inches
48 inches
40 to 60 inches
60 to 72 inches

A

The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?

60 to 72 inches

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56
Q

What is the centralray
angulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?

0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
15 degrees cephalad
20 degrees cephalad

A

What is the centralray
angulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?

0 degrees

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57
Q

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

45 degrees
60 degrees
70 degrees
40 to 60 degrees

A

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

45 degrees

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58
Q

How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

30 degrees
45 degrees
60 degrees
50 to 60 degrees

A

How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

45 degrees

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59
Q

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

those farthest from the IR
those closest to the IR
both sides equally demonstrated
the inferior six closest to the IR

A

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

those farthest from the IR

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60
Q

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

those closest to the IR
those farthest from the IR
both sides are equally demonstrated
the inferior side farthest from the IR

A

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

those closest to the IR

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61
Q

According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical
spine?

affixed to the elbows
affixed to the wrists
held in the hands
held by the fingers

A

According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical
spine?

affixed to the wrists

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62
Q

Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

A

Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?

cervical

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63
Q

According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:

laterally

45 degrees anteriorly

70 degrees anteriorly

45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

A

According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:

45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

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64
Q

What is the centralray
angle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

15 degrees cephalad
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
15 to 20 degrees caudad
perpendicular

A

What is the centralray
angle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

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65
Q

Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?

Grandy
Fuchs
Twining
Pawlow

A

Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?

Fuchs

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66
Q

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?

second cervical vertebra
third cervical vertebra
fourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra

A

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?

fourth cervical vertebra

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67
Q

The centralray
angle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:

10 degrees cephalad
20 degrees cephalad
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
variable, depending on the body habitus

A

The centralray
angle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

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68
Q

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateral
projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:

0 degrees
10 degrees caudad
3 to 5 degrees caudad
3 to 5 degrees cephalad

A

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateral
projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:

3 to 5 degrees caudad

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69
Q

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?

second cervical vertebra
third cervical vertebra
fourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra

A

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?

fourth cervical vertebra

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70
Q

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:

full expiration
full inspiration
suspended respiration
softly phonate “ah” during the exposure

A

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:

full expiration

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71
Q

What is the centralray
angle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

45 degrees cephalad
45 degrees caudad
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
15 to 20 degrees caudad

A

What is the centralray
angle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

15 to 20 degrees caudad

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72
Q

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?
1 Ottonello method
2 swimmer’s technique
3 Ferguson method

1
2
3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?

2 swimmer’s technique

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73
Q

For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate “ah” during the exposure?

lateral cervical vertebrae
AP “open mouth” atlas and axis
AP dens, Fuchs method
AP axial cervical spine

A

For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate “ah” during the exposure?

AP “open mouth” atlas and axis

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74
Q

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?
1 AP axial
2 AP axial oblique
3 PA axial oblique

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?
1 AP axial
2 AP axial oblique
3 PA axial oblique

2 and 3

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75
Q

The “vertebra prominens” is the name given to the:

First cervical vertebra
Second cervical vertebra
Seventh cervical vertebra
First thoracic vertebra

A

The “vertebra prominens” is the name given to the:

Seventh cervical vertebra

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76
Q

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries and
veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?

on the transverse process
on the spinous process
on the lamina
on the pedicle

A

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries and
veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?

on the transverse process

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77
Q

The second cervical vertebra is called the:

dens
atlas
axis
vertebra prominens

A

The second cervical vertebra is called the:

axis

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78
Q

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

48 inches
60 inches
40 to 48 inches
60 to 72 inches

A

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

60 to 72 inches

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79
Q

Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervical
spine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?

AP axial

PA axial oblique

AP axial oblique

dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral

A

Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervical
spine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?

dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral

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80
Q

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the “open mouth” AP projection of the atlas and axis?

to the “Adam’s apple”
first cervical vertebra
second cervical vertebra
fourth cervical vertebra

A

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the “open mouth” AP projection of the atlas and axis?

second cervical vertebra

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81
Q 
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical
spine?
1 lateral
2 lateral in hyperflexion
3 lateral in hyperextension

1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A 
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical
spine?
1 lateral
2 lateral in hyperflexion
3 lateral in hyperextension

1, 2, and 3

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82
Q

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the
recommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:

move anteriorly
move posteriorly
move anteriorly 15 degrees
move posteriorly 10 degrees

A

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the
recommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:

move posteriorly

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83
Q

What is the centralray
angle for an AP thoracic spine?

0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
7 degrees caudad
5 to 7 degrees cephalad

A

What is the centralray
angle for an AP thoracic spine?

0 degrees

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84
Q

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s
technique)?

sixth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra
first thoracic vertebra
at the C7T1
interspace
A

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s
technique)?

at the C7T1 interspace

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85
Q

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:

  1. Body
  2. Lamina
  3. Vertebral arch

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:

  1. Body
  2. Lamina
  3. Vertebral arch

1 and 3

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86
Q

How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the
thoracic region?

30 degrees
45 degrees
20 degrees
70 degrees

A

How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the
thoracic region?

20 degrees

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87
Q

What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

each other
articular process
head of ribs
lamina

A

What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

head of ribs

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88
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation
with the tubercle of a rib?

7
8
10
12

A

How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation
with the tubercle of a rib?

10

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89
Q

The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of a
vertebral body are called the:

Pedicles
Laminae
Transverse process
Spinous process

A

The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of a
vertebral body are called the:

Transverse process

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90
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?

T1T3
T1T9
T1T10
T1T12

A

Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?

T1T10

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91
Q

How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?

center the anterior half to the center of the grid

center the posterior half to the center of the grid

center the midcoronal plane to the center of the grid

center the midsagittal plane to the center of the grid

A

How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?

center the posterior half to the center of the grid

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92
Q

What is the centralray
angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s
technique) when the shoulder can be depressed?

0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
10 degrees caudad
5 to 10 degrees caudad

A

What is the centralray
angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s
technique) when the shoulder can be depressed?

0 degrees

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93
Q 
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral
projection?
1. Ottonello method
2. Swimmer’s technique
3. Ferguson method

1
2
3
1, 2, and 3

A 
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral
projection?
1. Ottonello method
2. Swimmer’s technique
3. Ferguson method

2

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94
Q

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the
recommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:

move anteriorly
move posteriorly
move anteriorly 15 degrees
move posteriorly 15 degrees

A

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the
recommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:

move anteriorly

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95
Q

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the
midsagittal plane?

45 degrees
90 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
70 to 75 degrees

A

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the
midsagittal plane?

90 degrees

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96
Q

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of
arteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?

spinous process
transverse process
superior articular process
inferior articular process

A

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of
arteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?

transverse process

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97
Q

Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xray
tube should be positioned in a certain way to
take advantage of the “heel effect” of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP
thoracic spine?

toward the head
toward the feet
head or foot end
variable, depending on body habitus

A

Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xray
tube should be positioned in a certain way to
take advantage of the “heel effect” of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP
thoracic spine?

toward the feet

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98
Q

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?

  1. Thoracic
  2. Lumbar
  3. Sacrum and coccyx

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?

  1. Thoracic
  2. Lumbar
  3. Sacrum and coccyx

1 and 3

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99
Q

If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray may
have to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?

5 degrees caudad
10 to 15 degrees caudad
5 degrees cephalad
10 to 15 degrees cephalad

A

If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray may
have to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?

10 to 15 degrees cephalad

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100
Q

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

AP
Lateral
PA oblique
AP oblique

A

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

Lateral

101
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the
midsagittal plane?

45 degrees
90 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
70 to 75 degrees

A

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the
midsagittal plane?

70 to 75 degrees

102
Q

The “vertebra prominens” is a name given to the:

First Cervical Vertebra
Second Cervical Vertebra
Seventh Cervical Vertebra
First Thoracic Vertebra

A

The “vertebra prominens” is a name given to the:

Seventh Cervical Vertebra

103
Q

According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracic
vertebrae have:

Demifacets
No transverse process
The largest spinous process
Bifid tips on the spinous process

A

According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracic
vertebrae have:

Demifacets

104
Q

Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

over the head

at the sides

at right angles to the long axis of the body

variable, depending on body habitus

A

Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

at right angles to the long axis of the body

105
Q 
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region
lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:

0 degrees
10 degrees caudad
3 to 5 degrees caudad
3 to 5 degrees cephalad

A 
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region
lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:

3 to 5 degrees caudad

106
Q

According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?

AP Thoracic Spine
Lateral Thoracic Spine
RPO/LPO Thoracic Spine
Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)

A

According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?

Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)

107
Q

According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing a
lateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:

underexposed
overexposed
too high in contrast
too low in contrast

A

According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing a
lateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:

underexposed

108
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?

level of T5
level of T7
level of T9
level of T10

A

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?

level of T7

109
Q 
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracic
vertebrae?
1. Suspended at end of full inspiration
2. Suspended at end of expiration
3. Quiet breathing

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A 
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracic
vertebrae?
1. Suspended at end of full inspiration
2. Suspended at end of expiration
3. Quiet breathing

2 and 3

110
Q 
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an AP
thoracic spine?
1. Flex the hips
2. Flex the knees
3. Flex the cervical spine

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A 
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an AP
thoracic spine?
1. Flex the hips
2. Flex the knees
3. Flex the cervical spine

1 and 2

111
Q

Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?

1 inch above the shoulders
1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders
1 1/2 to 2 inches below the shoulders
at the level of the shoulders

A

Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

112
Q

What is the centralray
angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?

10 to 20 degrees cephalad
30 to 40 degrees cephalad
10 to 20 degrees caudad
30 to 40 degrees caudad

A

What is the centralray
angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?

30 to 40 degrees caudad

113
Q

Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?
1 stomach
2 small intestine
3 large intestine

1 only
2 only
3 only
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?
1 stomach
2 small intestine
3 large intestine

2 only

114
Q

The gallbladder functions to:

produce and secrete bile
store and concentrate bile
regulate digestion of fatty acids
break down toxins in the blood stream

A

The gallbladder functions to:

store and concentrate bile

115
Q

Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the
stomach?
1 fewer radiographs are required
2 small lesions are not obscured
3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the
stomach?
1 fewer radiographs are required
2 small lesions are not obscured
3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized

2 and 3

116
Q

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?
1 PA oblique, LAO
2 AP oblique, RPO
3 left lateral

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?
1 PA oblique, LAO
2 AP oblique, RPO
3 left lateral

1 and 2

117
Q

The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:
1 no contrast
2 single contrast
3 double contrast

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:
1 no contrast
2 single contrast
3 double contrast

2 and 3

118
Q

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the
esophagus?

AP, LAO
AP, LPO
PA, RAO
PA, LAO

A

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the
esophagus?

PA, RAO

119
Q

What is the length of the large intestine?

3 feet
5 feet
7 feet
8 feet

A

What is the length of the large intestine?

5 feet

120
Q

Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the
esophagus?
1 varices are better filled
2 easier to swallow barium
3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the
esophagus?
1 varices are better filled
2 easier to swallow barium
3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part

1 and 3

121
Q

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?

PA oblique, RAO
PA oblique, LAO
PA axial
AP axial

A

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?

PA oblique, RAO

122
Q

Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?
1 AP or PA
2 lateral
3 PA oblique

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?
1 AP or PA
2 lateral
3 PA oblique

1, 2, and 3

123
Q

Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?

Sims
Trendelenburg’s
lithotomy
right lateral

A

Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?

Sims

124
Q

The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.

LUQ
RUQ
LLQ
RLQ

A

The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.

LUQ

125
Q

Functions of the stomach include:
1 storage of food
2 absorption of food products
3 chemical breakdown of food

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Functions of the stomach include:
1 storage of food
2 absorption of food products
3 chemical breakdown of food

1 and 3

126
Q

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is
the:

cecum
rectum
sigmoid colon
vermiform appendix

A

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is
the:

cecum

127
Q

One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is:

elimination of motion

speed of the examination

production of a highcontrast
image

production of a highresolution
image

A

One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is:

elimination of motion

128
Q

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?

PA
lateral
AP oblique, LPO
PA oblique, RAO

A

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?

lateral

129
Q

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?

PA
AP oblique, LPO
PA oblique, LAO
PA oblique, RAO

A

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?

AP oblique, LPO

130
Q

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?

AP axial
lateral
PA oblique, LAO
PA oblique, RAO

A

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?

PA oblique, LAO

131
Q

Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?

1 anus
2 colon
3 esophagus

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?

1 anus
2 colon
3 esophagus

1, 2, and 3

132
Q

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?

20 degrees
30 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
35 to 40 degrees

A

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?

35 to 40 degrees

133
Q

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?

sthenic
asthenic
hyposthenic
hypersthenic

A

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?

asthenic

134
Q

Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?
1 AP
2 PA
3 lateral

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?
1 AP
2 PA
3 lateral

1 and 2

135
Q

The main functions of the small bowel are:
1 digestion of food
2 absorption of food
3 storage of food

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

The main functions of the small bowel are:
1 digestion of food
2 absorption of food
3 storage of food

1 and 2

136
Q

The main functions of the large intestine are:
1 digestion of food
2 reabsorption of fluids
3 elimination of waste products

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

The main functions of the large intestine are:
1 digestion of food
2 reabsorption of fluids
3 elimination of waste products

2 and 3

137
Q

According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?

12 inches
18 to 24 inches
24 to 36 inches
4 feet

A

According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?

18 to 24 inches

138
Q

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:

20 degrees
30 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
35 to 45 degrees

A

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:

35 to 45 degrees

139
Q 
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?
1 air
2 barium sulfate
3 watersoluble
iodinated solution

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A 
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?
1 air
2 barium sulfate
3 watersoluble
iodinated solution

1, 2, and 3

140
Q

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:

respiration
peristalsis
mastication
deglutition

A

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:

peristalsis

141
Q

What is the length of the average adult small intestine?

10 feet
12 feet
20 feet
22 feet

A

What is the length of the average adult small intestine?

22 feet

142
Q

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?
1 mouth and pharynx
2 stomach and intestine
3 liver and pancreas

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?
1 mouth and pharynx
2 stomach and intestine
3 liver and pancreas

1 and 2

143
Q

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?

inspiration
expiration
suspended respiration
slow, shallow breathing

A

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?

expiration

144
Q 
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"
radiographs are usually taken of the:
1 pancreatic duct
2 hepatic ducts
3 common bile duct

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A 
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"
radiographs are usually taken of the:
1 pancreatic duct
2 hepatic ducts
3 common bile duct

1 and 3

145
Q

Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the
lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?

AP oblique, RPO
AP oblique, LPO
AP, right lateral decubitus
AP, left lateral decubitus

A

Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the
lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?

AP, right lateral decubitus

146
Q

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:

cecum
ileum
sigmoid
ascending colon

A

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:

cecum

147
Q

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:

left colic flexure
right colic flexure
sigmoid colon
duodenojejunal flexure

A

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:

right colic flexure

148
Q

The largest gland in the body is the:

liver
spleen
pancreas
duodenum

A

The largest gland in the body is the:

liver

149
Q

The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:

ileum
pylorus
jejunum
duodenum

A

The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:

ileum

150
Q

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?

PA
PA oblique, RAO
AP oblique, LPO
AP oblique, RPO

A

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?

PA oblique, RAO

151
Q

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:

pyloric portion
duodenojejunal flexure
right colic flexure
descending region

A

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:

duodenojejunal flexure

152
Q

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?

sthenic
asthenic
hyposthenic
hypersthenic

A

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?

hypersthenic

153
Q

The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:

air
carbon dioxide
barium sulfate
watersoluble
iodine
A

The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:

barium sulfate

154
Q

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?
1 right lateral
2 AP oblique, LPO
3 PA oblique, RAO

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?
1 right lateral
2 AP oblique, LPO
3 PA oblique, RAO

2 and 3

155
Q

Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?
1 produces glucagon
2 produces lymphocytes
3 stores and removes dead red blood cells

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?
1 produces glucagon
2 produces lymphocytes
3 stores and removes dead red blood cells

2 and 3

156
Q

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:

ileocecal valve
ampulla of Vater
pyloric valve
greater duodenal papilla

A

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:

ileocecal valve

157
Q

Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?
1 lateral
2 PA axial
3 AP axial

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?
1 lateral
2 PA axial
3 AP axial

1, 2, and 3

158
Q

The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:

produce and secrete bile
produce and secrete insulin
produce and secrete glucagon
produce and secrete digestive juice

A

The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:

produce and secrete digestive juice

159
Q

A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:

cholangiography
cholecystography
hepatography
hepatorrhaphy

A

A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:

cholangiography

160
Q

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?

PA
AP
AP, Trendelenburg’s position
AP, R lateral decubitus

A

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?

AP, Trendelenburg’s position

161
Q

The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:

ascending colon
descending colon
R colic flexure
transverse colon

A

The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:

descending colon

162
Q

Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?

epigastrium and left hypochondrium
right hypochondrium and epigastrium
right lateral and umbilical
umbilical and left lateral

A

Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?

right hypochondrium and epigastrium

163
Q

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

3
4
5
8

A

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

3

164
Q

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the
medial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air?

AP oblique, RPO
AP oblique, LPO
AP, right lateral decubitus
AP, left lateral decubitus

A

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the
medial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air?

AP, left lateral decubitus

165
Q

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?

PA oblique, RAO
PA oblique, LAO
PA axial
AP axial

A

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?

PA oblique, RAO

166
Q

The space between each of the ribs is called the:

costal cartilage
intercostal spaces
costovertebral joints
costotransverse joints

A

The space between each of the ribs is called the:

intercostal spaces

167
Q

Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?

1 to 7
1 to 10
8 to 12
11 and 12

A

Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?

11 and 12

168
Q

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?

5
7
10
12

A

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?

7

169
Q

For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?

sthenic
asthenic
hyposthenic
hypersthenic

A

For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?

hypersthenic

170
Q

The approximate length of the sternum is:

3 inches
4 inches
5 inches
6 inches

A

The approximate length of the sternum is:

6 inches

171
Q

Which part of the sternum is most inferior?

Manubrium
Head
Body
Xiphoid process

A

Which part of the sternum is most inferior?

Xiphoid process

172
Q

Which ribs are called the false ribs?

1 to 7
1 to 10
8 to 12
11 and 12

A

Which ribs are called the false ribs?

8 to 12

173
Q

Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?

fifth thoracic vertebra
seventh thoracic vertebra
manubrium sterni
jugular notch

A

Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?

seventh thoracic vertebra

174
Q

Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?

1) Inspiration
2) Expiration
3) Slow, shallow breathing

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?

1) Inspiration
2) Expiration
3) Slow, shallow breathing

2 and 3

175
Q

How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upper
border of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?

1 inch
1.5 inches
2 inches
2.5 inches

A

How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upper
border of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?

1.5 inches

176
Q

Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?

at the xiphoid

at the ASIS

inches above the crest of the ilium

at the iliac crest

A

Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?

at the iliac crest

177
Q

What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?

Suspend at expiration

Suspend at inspiration

Slow, shallow breathing

Suspend respiration

A

What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?

Suspend at inspiration

178
Q

How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away from
the rib cage?

palm of the hands against the hips

palm of the hands against the midthigh

back of the hands against the hips

back of the hands against the midthigh

A

How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away from
the rib cage?

palm of the hands against the hips

179
Q

How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?

Top of the IR is at C7T1

Top of the IR is at T3

Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch

Top of the IR is 2 inches above the jugular notch

A

How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?

Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch

180
Q

Which ribs are called the true ribs?

1 to 7
1 to 10
8 to 12
11 and 12

A

Which ribs are called the true ribs?

1 to 7

181
Q

Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examining
the ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?

Suspended at full inspiration
Suspended at expiration
Suspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing

A

Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examining
the ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?

Suspended at full inspiration

182
Q

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body
rotation technique)?

10 degrees
20 degrees
10 to 15 degrees
20 to 30 degrees

A

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body
rotation technique)?

10 to 15 degrees

183
Q

The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?

sthenic
asthenic
hyposthenic
hypersthenic

A

The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?

hypersthenic

184
Q

How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?

30 degrees
45 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
35 to 45 degrees

A

How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?

45 degrees

185
Q

Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patient
who must remain relatively supine?

AP projection
PA projection, RAO
AP projection, LPO
AP projection, RPO

A

Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patient
who must remain relatively supine?

AP projection, LPO

186
Q

Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?

48 inches
60 inches
72 inches
120 inches

A

Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?

72 inches

187
Q

How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?

on the left side

on the right side

with the forehead and nose on the table

with the midsagittal plane vertical

A

How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?

with the midsagittal plane vertical

188
Q

Where should the patient’s hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?

locked behind the back

straight down at the side

locked above the head

back of the hands against the thighs

A

Where should the patient’s hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?

locked behind the back

189
Q

Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?

at the level of T1

1 inch above the upper border of the shoulder

1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder

2 inches above the upper border of the shoulder

A

Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?

1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder

190
Q

Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to the
posterior ends?

1 inch lower
1 inch higher
3 to 5 inches lower
3 to 5 inches higher

A

Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to the
posterior ends?

3 to 5 inches lower

191
Q

The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs?

6
12
18
24

A

The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs?

24

192
Q

Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?

AP, supine
PA, prone
PA oblique, LAO
PA oblique, RAO

A

Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?

PA oblique, RAO

193
Q

The centralray
angle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:

5 degrees caudad
10 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad
Perpendicular

A

The centralray
angle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:

Perpendicular

194
Q

The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:

body
xiphoid
sternal angle
jugular notch

A

The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:

jugular notch

195
Q

When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclavicular
articulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?

both joints are demonstrated

the joint closest to the IR

the joint farthest from the IR

both joints—but varies depending on body habitus

A

When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclavicular
articulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?

the joint closest to the IR

196
Q

The centralray
angulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body
rotation technique) is:

5 degrees cephalad
7 degrees cephalad
10 degrees cephalad
perpendicular

A

The centralray
angulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body
rotation technique) is:

perpendicular

197
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?

Suspended respiration
Suspend at full inspiration
Suspend at full expiration
Slow, shallow breathing

A

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?

Suspend at full expiration

198
Q

What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of the
sternum?

30 inches
40 inches
48 inches
72 inches

A

What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of the
sternum?

30 inches

199
Q

Which joints articulate with a vertebra?

1) Costovertebral
2) Costotransverse
3) Costochondral

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which joints articulate with a vertebra?

1) Costovertebral
2) Costotransverse
3) Costochondral

1 and 2

200
Q

The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:

suspend at expiration
Suspend at inspiration
Suspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing

A

The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:

suspend at expiration

201
Q

Which of the following form the bony thorax?

1) Sternum
2) 12 pairs of ribs
3) 12 thoracic vertebrae

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following form the bony thorax?

1) Sternum
2) 12 pairs of ribs
3) 12 thoracic vertebrae

1, 2, and 3

202
Q

To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of the
sternoclavicular joints is:

Suspended at inspiration
Suspended at expiration
Suspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing

A

To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of the
sternoclavicular joints is:

Suspended at expiration

203
Q

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?

suspend at full expiration
suspend at full inspiration
Suspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing

A

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?

suspend at full inspiration

204
Q

Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?

Oblique
PA
AP
Lateral

A

Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?

Oblique

205
Q

Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?

PA oblique, RAO
PA oblique, LAO
AP oblique, RPO
AP oblique, LPO

A

Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?

PA oblique, RAO

206
Q

The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:

0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
10 degrees cephalad
12 degrees cephalad

A

The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:

0 degrees

207
Q

Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?

second thoracic vertebra
third thoracic vertebra
manubrium sterni
body of the sternum

A

Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?

third thoracic vertebra

208
Q

How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?

10 degrees
20 degrees
5 to 10 degrees
15 to 20 degrees

A

How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?

15 to 20 degrees

209
Q

Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?

hyoid
coronal
sagittal
squamosal

A

Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?

sagittal

210
Q

Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranial
base?

acanthiomeatal line
orbitomeatal line
infraorbitomeatal line
mentomeatal line

A

Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranial
base?

infraorbitomeatal line

211
Q

Which parts of the patient’s face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?
1 forehead
2 nose
3 chin

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which parts of the patient’s face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?
1 forehead
2 nose
3 chin

1 and 2

212
Q

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralray
be angled for the PA axial
projection, Haas Method of the skull?

15 degrees cephalad
10 degrees cephalad
30 degrees caudad
25 degrees cephalad

A

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralray
be angled for the PA axial
projection, Haas Method of the skull?

25 degrees cephalad

213
Q

Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?

sagittal
transverse
midsagittal
midcoronal

A

Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?

midsagittal

214
Q

Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthird
of
the orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?

Towne
Caldwell
Schüller
Waters

A

Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthird
of
the orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?

Caldwell

215
Q

All of the following are cranial bones except the:

maxillae
frontal
sphenoid
occipital

A

All of the following are cranial bones except the:

maxillae

216
Q

If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial
(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?

acanthiomeatal line
infraorbitomeatal line
glabellomeatal line
mentomeatal line

A

If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial
(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?

infraorbitomeatal line

217
Q

The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:

1 inch below the EAM
2 inches below the EAM
1 inch above the EAM
2 inches above the EAM

A

The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:

2 inches above the EAM

218
Q

Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?
1 ethmoid
2 sphenoid
3 temporal

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?
1 ethmoid
2 sphenoid
3 temporal

1, 2, and 3

219
Q

For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the:

mentomeatal line
orbitomeatal line
infraorbitomeatal line
acanthiomeatal line

A

For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the:

infraorbitomeatal line

220
Q

The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant’s skull are called the:

sulci
sutures
diploë
fontanels

A

The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant’s skull are called the:

fontanels

221
Q

If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection of
the skull, how much is the central ray angled?

15 degrees caudad
30 degrees caudad
37 degrees caudad
45 degrees caudad

A

If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection of
the skull, how much is the central ray angled?

37 degrees caudad

222
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?
1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR
2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR
3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?
1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR
2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR
3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR

1 and 2

223
Q

The centralray
angle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is:

5 degrees cephalad
10 degrees cephalad
12 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad

A

The centralray
angle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is:

15 degrees caudad

224
Q

Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?

temporal
occipital
parietal
foramen magnum

A

Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?

occipital

225
Q

The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called:

joints
bursae
sutures
cartilage

A

The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called:

sutures

226
Q

How many bones make up the cranium?

4
6
8
10

A

How many bones make up the cranium?

8

227
Q

The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?

temporal
sphenoid
occipital
parietal

A

The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?

occipital

228
Q

Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing?

temporal
sphenoid
occipital
ethmoid

A

Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing?

temporal

229
Q

Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)
projection?

orbitomeatal line
infraorbitomeatal line
glabellomeatal line
acanthiomeatal line

A

Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)
projection?

orbitomeatal line

230
Q

Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?

Haas
Rhese
Towne
Schüller

A

Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?

Schüller

231
Q

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralray
be angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)
projection of the skull?

15 degrees cephalad
10 degrees cephalad
30 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad

A

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralray
be angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)
projection of the skull?

15 degrees caudad

232
Q

Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwell
method). What centralray
angle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?

10 degrees caudad
15 degrees cephalad
10 to 15 degrees caudad
10 to 15 degrees cephalad

A

Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwell
method). What centralray
angle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?

15 degrees cephalad

233
Q

What is the average centralray
angulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?

25 degrees caudad
25 degrees cephalad
30 degrees caudad
30 degrees cephalad

A

What is the average centralray
angulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?

25 degrees cephalad

234
Q

Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?

sagittal
coronal
squamosal
lambdoidal

A

Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?

coronal

235
Q 
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposed
on a lateral projection of the skull?
1 orbital roofs
2 external acoustic meatius
3 temporomandibular joints

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A 
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposed
on a lateral projection of the skull?
1 orbital roofs
2 external acoustic meatius 
3 temporomandibular joints

1, 2, and 3

236
Q

The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the:

lambdoidal
squamosal
sagittal
corona

A

The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the:

lambdoidal

237
Q

What is the centralray
angulation for the SMV projection?

0 degrees
5 degrees caudad
5 degrees cephalad
5 to 7 degrees cephalad

A

What is the centralray
angulation for the SMV projection?

0 degrees

238
Q

When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?

IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette
IPL perpendicular, MSP perpendicular
MSP perpendicular, OML perpendicular
IPL parallel, IOML perpendicular

A

When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?

IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette

239
Q

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial
(Towne) projection of the skull?

1 dorsum sellae
2 sella turcica
3 posterior clinoid processes

1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial
(Towne) projection of the skull?

1 dorsum sellae
2 sella turcica
3 posterior clinoid processes

1 and 3

240
Q

What are the two components of a nephron?

Renal corpuscle and renal capsule
Renal tubule and renal corpuscle
Renal capsule and glomerulus
Renal column and medulla

A

What are the two components of a nephron?

Renal tubule and renal corpuscle

241
Q

What is the trigone?

The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings

The area between the calyces of the kidneys and the medulla

The outer covering of the kidneys

The junction of the ureter and the urethra

A

What is the trigone?

The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings

242
Q

Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:

  1. Suprapubic catheter
  2. Presence of urinary stones
  3. Hypertension

1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3

A

Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:

  1. Suprapubic catheter
  2. Presence of urinary stones
  3. Hypertension

1 and 2 only

243
Q

IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:

Urolithiasis
Trauma
Pyelonephritis
Post-lithotripsy for kidney function

A

IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:

Post-lithotripsy for kidney function

244
Q

What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?

10- to 15-degree posterior oblique
20- to 25-degree posterior oblique
35- to 40-degree posterior oblique
45- to 60-degree posterior oblique

A

What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?

35- to 40-degree posterior oblique

245
Q

Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?

Right
Left
Neither; a 45-degree oblique is required for the AP oblique of the kidneys

A

Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?

Left

246
Q

The vaginal end of the uterus is the:

Fundus
Cervix
Isthmus
Body

A

The vaginal end of the uterus is the:

Cervix

247
Q

The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:

Ejaculatory duct
Epididymis
Prostate duct
Urethra

A

The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:

Ejaculatory duct

248
Q

Hysterosalpingography may be performed to:

Determine size, shape, and position of the uterus and uterine tubes

Delineate lesions such as polyps, submucous tumor masses, or fistulous tracts

Investigate patency of the uterine tubes in patients who are unable to conceive
All of the above

A

Hysterosalpingography may be performed to:

All of the above

2017SP POSITIONING II (9 decks)

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