EXAM #7 (STERNUM, SC JOINTS, RIBS) GUIDED-STUDY

Question 1

What three things form the thorax?

Answer 1

Sternum

12 pairs of ribs/24 ribs total

12 thoracic vertebrae

Question 2

How much lower is the anterior end of the rib to the posterior end?

Answer 2

Anterior end is 3-5” lower than posterior

Question 3

What is the space between the ribs called?

Answer 3

Intercostal spaces

Question 4

Which joints articulate with the vertebra?

_____ articulate with vertebral bodies, forming _____ joints

_____ articulate with the thoracic spine transverse process, forming _____ joints

Answer 4

Which joints articulate with the vertebra?

HEADS articulate with vertebral bodies, forming COSTOVERTEBRAL joints

TUBERCLES articulate with the thoracic spine transverse process, forming COSTOTRANSVERSE joints

Question 5

How does the diaphragm move with each body habitus?

_____ = higher level

_____ = lower level

_____ = right side arches posteriorly, left side lower

Answer 5

How does the diaphragm move with each body habitus?

Hypersthenic = higher level

Asthenic = lower level

Sthenic = right side arches posteriorly, left side lower

Question 6

What is the average movement of the diaphragm? More or less movement for hypersthenic or hyposthenic?

___ = average movement

_____ = less movement

_____ = more movement

Answer 6

What is the average movement of the diaphragm? More or less movement for hypersthenic or hyposthenic?

1.5” = average movement

hypersthenic = less movement

hyposthenic = more movement

Question 7

Breathing techniques for the following?

Lateral sternum = ?

PA SC = ?

PA Oblique SC = ?

PA ribs = ?

Answer 7

Breathing techniques for the following?

Lateral sternum = Deep inspiration

PA SC = expiration

PA Oblique SC = expiration

PA ribs = inspiration

Question 8

Breathing techniques for the following?

AP upper ribs = ?

AP lower ribs = ?

AP oblique upper ribs = ?

AP oblique lower ribs = ?

Answer 8

Breathing techniques for the following?

AP upper ribs = inspiration

AP lower ribs = expiration

AP oblique upper ribs = inspiration

AP oblique lower ribs = expiration

Question 9

Breathing techniques for the following?

PA oblique upper ribs = ?

PA oblique lower ribs = ?

Answer 9

Breathing techniques for the following?

PA oblique upper ribs = inspiration

PA oblique lower ribs = expiration

Question 10

What are the essential projections for the sternum?

Answer 10

PA oblique (RAO)

Lateral (upright + recumbent)

Question 11

What are the essential projections for the SC joints?

Answer 11

PA

PA oblique (body rotation method)

PA oblique (CR angulation method)

Question 12

What are the essential projections for the ribs?

Answer 12

PA (anterior ribs)

AP (posterior ribs)

AP oblique (axillary portion)

PA oblique (axillary portion)

Question 13

What is the body rotation for the following?

PA Oblique SC Joints Body Rotation Method = ?

AP Oblique Ribs = ?

PA Oblique Ribs = ?

PA Oblique Sternum = ?

Answer 13

What is the body rotation for the following?

PA Oblique SC Joints Body Rotation Method = 10-15° RAO or LAO

AP Oblique Ribs = 45° RPO or LPO

PA Oblique Ribs = 45° RAO or LAO

PA Oblique Sternum = 15-20° RAO

Question 14

SID?

___ inches is recommended SID for PA oblique sternum (This magnifies it and makes it easier to see)

___ inches SID is recommended for lateral sternum to reduce magnification and distortion caused by increased OID

Answer 14

SID?

30 inches is recommended SID for PA oblique sternum (This magnifies it and makes it easier to see)

72 inches SID is recommended for lateral sternum to reduce magnification and distortion caused by increased OID

Question 15

Position of the head

_____ = rest head on chin and adjust MSP of head to vertical, turn head toward affected side, and rest cheek on table

_____ = Rest head on chin or rotate chin toward joint of interest

_____ = rest head on chin and adjust MSP to vertical

Answer 15

Position of the head

PA SC Joints = rest head on chin and adjust MSP of head to vertical, turn head toward affected side, and rest cheek on table

PA Oblique SC Joints CR Angulation Method = Rest head on chin or rotate chin toward joint of interest

PA Ribs = rest head on chin and adjust MSP to vertical

Question 16

Placement of the IR

PA oblique sternum = ?

Lateral sternum = ?

PA Oblique SC Joints CR Angulation Method = ?

Answer 16

Placement of the IR

PA oblique sternum = 1.5” above jugular notch

Lateral sternum = 1.5” above jugular notch

PA Oblique SC Joints CR Angulation Method = under upper chest (centered to SC joints)

Question 17

Placement of the IR

PA upper (+ oblique) ribs = ?

PA lower (+ oblique) ribs = ?

AP upper (+ oblique) ribs = ?

AP lower (+ oblique) ribs = ?

Answer 17

Placement of the IR

PA upper (+ oblique) ribs = 1.5” above upper border of shoulders (lengthwise)

PA lower (+ oblique) ribs = lower border at iliac crests (x-wise)

AP upper (+ oblique) ribs = 1.5” above upper border of shoulders (lengthwise)

AP lower (+ oblique) ribs = lower border at iliac crests (x-wise)

Question 18

Ideally how the hands are placed

Lateral sternum = ?

PA ribs = ?

AP ribs = ?

Answer 18

Ideally how the hands are placed

Lateral sternum = Rotate shoulders posteriorly, and lock hands behind back

PA ribs = Rest hands, palms out, on hips

AP ribs = Rest hands, palms out, on hips (Or extend arms, flex elbows, and rest hands under head)

Question 19

Three parts of the sternum

Answer 19

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid

Question 20

How long is the sternum?

Answer 20

sternum = 6” long

Question 21

How many pairs of ribs?

Answer 21

12 pairs of ribs

Question 22

How many ribs total?

Answer 22

24 ribs total

Question 23

Which ribs are true ribs?

Answer 23

true ribs = pairs 1 - 7 (attach directly to sternum)

Question 24

Which ribs are false ribs?

Answer 24

false ribs = pairs 8 - 12 (attach to sternum via costal cartilage)

Question 25

Which ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 25

floating ribs = pairs 11 + 12 (attach only to vertebrae)