EXAM #7 (STERNUM, SC JOINTS, RIBS) GUIDED-STUDY Flashcards
What three things form the thorax?
Sternum
12 pairs of ribs/24 ribs total
12 thoracic vertebrae
How much lower is the anterior end of the rib to the posterior end?
Anterior end is 3-5” lower than posterior
What is the space between the ribs called?
Intercostal spaces
Which joints articulate with the vertebra?
_____ articulate with vertebral bodies, forming _____ joints
_____ articulate with the thoracic spine transverse process, forming _____ joints
Which joints articulate with the vertebra?
HEADS articulate with vertebral bodies, forming COSTOVERTEBRAL joints
TUBERCLES articulate with the thoracic spine transverse process, forming COSTOTRANSVERSE joints
How does the diaphragm move with each body habitus?
_____ = higher level
_____ = lower level
_____ = right side arches posteriorly, left side lower
How does the diaphragm move with each body habitus?
Hypersthenic = higher level
Asthenic = lower level
Sthenic = right side arches posteriorly, left side lower
What is the average movement of the diaphragm? More or less movement for hypersthenic or hyposthenic?
___ = average movement
_____ = less movement
_____ = more movement
What is the average movement of the diaphragm? More or less movement for hypersthenic or hyposthenic?
1.5” = average movement
hypersthenic = less movement
hyposthenic = more movement
Breathing techniques for the following?
Lateral sternum = ?
PA SC = ?
PA Oblique SC = ?
PA ribs = ?
Breathing techniques for the following?
Lateral sternum = Deep inspiration
PA SC = expiration
PA Oblique SC = expiration
PA ribs = inspiration
Breathing techniques for the following?
AP upper ribs = ?
AP lower ribs = ?
AP oblique upper ribs = ?
AP oblique lower ribs = ?
Breathing techniques for the following?
AP upper ribs = inspiration
AP lower ribs = expiration
AP oblique upper ribs = inspiration
AP oblique lower ribs = expiration
Breathing techniques for the following?
PA oblique upper ribs = ?
PA oblique lower ribs = ?
Breathing techniques for the following?
PA oblique upper ribs = inspiration
PA oblique lower ribs = expiration
What are the essential projections for the sternum?
PA oblique (RAO)
Lateral (upright + recumbent)
What are the essential projections for the SC joints?
PA
PA oblique (body rotation method)
PA oblique (CR angulation method)
What are the essential projections for the ribs?
PA (anterior ribs)
AP (posterior ribs)
AP oblique (axillary portion)
PA oblique (axillary portion)
What is the body rotation for the following?
PA Oblique SC Joints Body Rotation Method = ?
AP Oblique Ribs = ?
PA Oblique Ribs = ?
PA Oblique Sternum = ?
What is the body rotation for the following?
PA Oblique SC Joints Body Rotation Method = 10-15° RAO or LAO
AP Oblique Ribs = 45° RPO or LPO
PA Oblique Ribs = 45° RAO or LAO
PA Oblique Sternum = 15-20° RAO
SID?
___ inches is recommended SID for PA oblique sternum (This magnifies it and makes it easier to see)
___ inches SID is recommended for lateral sternum to reduce magnification and distortion caused by increased OID
SID?
30 inches is recommended SID for PA oblique sternum (This magnifies it and makes it easier to see)
72 inches SID is recommended for lateral sternum to reduce magnification and distortion caused by increased OID
Position of the head
_____ = rest head on chin and adjust MSP of head to vertical, turn head toward affected side, and rest cheek on table
_____ = Rest head on chin or rotate chin toward joint of interest
_____ = rest head on chin and adjust MSP to vertical
Position of the head
PA SC Joints = rest head on chin and adjust MSP of head to vertical, turn head toward affected side, and rest cheek on table
PA Oblique SC Joints CR Angulation Method = Rest head on chin or rotate chin toward joint of interest
PA Ribs = rest head on chin and adjust MSP to vertical
Placement of the IR
PA oblique sternum = ?
Lateral sternum = ?
PA Oblique SC Joints CR Angulation Method = ?
Placement of the IR
PA oblique sternum = 1.5” above jugular notch
Lateral sternum = 1.5” above jugular notch
PA Oblique SC Joints CR Angulation Method = under upper chest (centered to SC joints)
Placement of the IR
PA upper (+ oblique) ribs = ?
PA lower (+ oblique) ribs = ?
AP upper (+ oblique) ribs = ?
AP lower (+ oblique) ribs = ?
Placement of the IR
PA upper (+ oblique) ribs = 1.5” above upper border of shoulders (lengthwise)
PA lower (+ oblique) ribs = lower border at iliac crests (x-wise)
AP upper (+ oblique) ribs = 1.5” above upper border of shoulders (lengthwise)
AP lower (+ oblique) ribs = lower border at iliac crests (x-wise)
Ideally how the hands are placed
Lateral sternum = ?
PA ribs = ?
AP ribs = ?
Ideally how the hands are placed
Lateral sternum = Rotate shoulders posteriorly, and lock hands behind back
PA ribs = Rest hands, palms out, on hips
AP ribs = Rest hands, palms out, on hips (Or extend arms, flex elbows, and rest hands under head)
Three parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid
How long is the sternum?
sternum = 6” long
How many pairs of ribs?
12 pairs of ribs
How many ribs total?
24 ribs total
Which ribs are true ribs?
true ribs = pairs 1 - 7 (attach directly to sternum)
Which ribs are false ribs?
false ribs = pairs 8 - 12 (attach to sternum via costal cartilage)
Which ribs are floating ribs?
floating ribs = pairs 11 + 12 (attach only to vertebrae)
