Final Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

How are Protists classified?

A

As animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like

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2
Q

What are some common diseases Protists cause?

A

Malaria, plasmodium, sleeping sickness

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3
Q

What do plant-like Protists need to have to be able to produce energy?

A

Chlorophyll for photosynthesis

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4
Q

How do fungus-Protists get energy?

A

Chemosynthesis

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5
Q

How are animal-like Protists classified

A

By how they move

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6
Q

What is the definition of a plant?

A

Plants are autotrophic eukaryotic multicellular organisms.

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7
Q

What is the definition of an animal?

A

Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotic organism

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8
Q

What does cephalization mean, and in what kind of symmetry is it found?

A

When nerves begin to accumulate within a specific area to create a control center to control all the other nerves around the body, so as to be able to complete more complex actions with faster reactions within bilaterally organized animals.

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9
Q

What is the difference between open and closed circulation?

A

Closed circulation takes place in the more complex animals who need fast reactions and a transportation system that can reach all parts of the body quickly. This is made possible by the blood vessels. Open circulation is when the blood freely flows within the body without anything to guide it, which is much less efficient.

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10
Q

Would animals with simple nervous systems be able to exhibit complex behaviors?

A

No, due to them lacking the fast internal reactions necessary for such processes.

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11
Q

What are the three types of symmetry?

A

Radial (wheel spokes), asymmetrical (blobby stuff) , and bilateral(halves). E.g. Starfish, anemone, cows

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12
Q

Exoskeleton vs endoskeleton

A

Exoskeleton is when structure skeleton is outside(beetles), while endoskeletons are in the body(cows)

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13
Q

Invertebrate vs vertebrate

A

Vertebrates have backbones and usually higher level functioning, while invertebrates lack all of these.

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14
Q

What are the four special characteristics of chordates?

A

Notochord, empty dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngital slits, and post anal tail

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15
Q

What are the four basic tissues that humans have?

A

Epithelial, connective, skeletal, and muscular

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16
Q

What are the levels of organization within the human body?

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

17
Q

What is homeostasis and what are two examples?

A

Homeostasis is internal balance, and examples can be anything done by Amy of the body systems to help maintain equality.

18
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

This system removes excess bodily fluids. If there is an infection, the nodes will become inflamed.

19
Q

What is he function of the circulatory system?

A

This system distributes the various elements (oxygen and nutrients) needed for survival to all reaches of the body.

20
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

This system regulates hormone secretion. The hormones are like messengers that control body growth, fertility, metabolism, etc.

21
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

The system that brings air into the body to exchange the oxygen with carbon dioxide to provide energy for the chemical reactions of the body.

22
Q

What does the reproductive system do?

A

It allows for the reproduction of a species so that it can continue to survive in its habitat. This system varies significantly from male to female. Females contain ovaries, oviducts, vaginas, Fallopian tubes, larger estrogen levels which results in larger breasts, eggs, and uteruses. Males contain sperm, testes, penis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and higher testosterone levels.

23
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

The nervous system allows the body to be able to communicate what it wants to do with the rest of the body through electrical signals. Parts include dendrites, axons, synapses, the brain and spinal chord in cephalopod animals.

24
Q

What does “survival of the fittest” and “natural selection means”?

A

organisms with better adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce

25
Q

What is a protist?

A

A eukaryotic usually unicellular organism that tends to live in colonies