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Sports Med > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the form of asexual reproduction of used by cells

A

Mitosis

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things

A

Cells

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2
Q

What condition results from an insufficient amount of tissue fluid

A

Dehydration

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3
Q

What condition results from an excess amount of tissue fluid

A

Edema (swelling)

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4
Q

The four main types of tissues and function

A

Nerve-control and communicate
Epithelium-secrete and protect
Muscle(cardiac)-move and protect
Connective tissue-support and connect

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5
Q

What is the proper name for fatty tissue

A

Adipose

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6
Q

How does bone tissue differ from cartilage

A

Phone has calcium, nerves, and blood vessels

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7
Q

Main types of muscle tissue and function

A

Cardiac-causes the heart to beat

Visceral-present in the walls of respiratory, digestive, urinary and blood vessels

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8
Q

10 body systems

A 
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
special systems
Circulatory
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Endocrine
Reproductive
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9
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of form and structure of an organism

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10
Q

Organ

A

Tissues joined together for a particular function

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11
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of how disease occurs

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12
Q

Physiology

A

The study of living organisms and their parts

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13
Q

Ventral or annterior

A

Body parts on the front of the body

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14
Q

Cranial

A

Body parts located near the head

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15
Q

Dorsal or posterior

A

Body parts located on the back of the body

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16
Q

Distal

A

Body parts away from the point of reference

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17
Q

Inferior

A

Body parts below the transverse plane

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18
Q

Lateral

A

Body parts away from the midline

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19
Q

Medial

A

Body parts located close to the midline

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20
Q

Mid sagittal

A

Body plane that divides the body into right and left side

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21
Q

Superior

A

Body parts above the transverse plane

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22
Q

Transverse

A

Horizontal plane that divides the body into a top and bottom half

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23
Q

What is located in the cranial cavity

A

Brain

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24
Q

The abdominal cavity is divided by two methods which are

A

Regions and quadrants

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25
Q

The nose is located in the

A

Nasal cavity

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26
Q

The buccal cavity stores what

A

Tongue, Mouth, and teeth

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27
Q

The dorsal cavity has how many cavities

A

Two

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28
Q

The two dorsal cavities are

A

Spinal and cranial

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29
Q

The abdominal cavity can be divided into quadrants. Name the sections and proper abbreviations

A

Right Upper Quadrant- RUQ
Right Lower Quadrant- RLQ
Left Upper Quadrant- LUQ
Left Lower Quadrant- LLQ

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30
Q

For organs in the upper abdominal cavity

A

Small intestine, liver, stomach, muscle

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31
Q

Femur

A

Thighbone

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32
Q

Ribs

A

12 pairs of bones that’s around the heart and lungs

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33
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Bones that form the main trunk of the body

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34
Q

Radius

A

Lower arm bone on thumb side

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35
Q

Fibula

A

Lateral bone of the lower leg

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36
Q

Tibia

A

Medial bone of the lower leg

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37
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue band that holds bones together

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38
Q

Joint

A

Area where two or more bones join together

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39
Q

Ulna

A

Larger bone of the lower arm

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40
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones that form the extremities

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41
Q

What is a sprain

A

A twisting action that tears the ligaments of a joint

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42
Q

What is the xiphoid process

A

A small piece of cartilage at the bottom of the sternum

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43
Q

How many human bones are there

A

206

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44
Q

Five functions of bones and the purpose

A 
Structure- Keeps everything together 
Produce blood cells- Make blood cells
Levers- Help with movement
Stores calcium- makes calcium to make bones stronger
Protection- Keeps organs protected
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45
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa sacs

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46
Q

Fractures

A

A break/crack in a bone

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47
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Information on the bone due to a pathogen

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48
Q

Scoliosis

A

The deformation of the spine usually in an S pattern

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49
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there

A

12

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50
Q

What are the 26 vertebrae

A 
Seven cervical
Twelve thoracic
Five lumbar
One sacrum
One coccyx
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51
Q

What is the proper name for sweat glands

A

Sudoriferous glands

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52
Q

What are three substances found in perspiration

A

Salt, water, and waste

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53
Q

What is the proper name for oil glands

A

Sebaceous glands

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54
Q

What are the functions of oil glands

A

Open into hair follicles

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55
Q

Alopecia

A

Permanent baldness

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56
Q

Seven functions of the skin

A

Protection, sensory perception, body temperature regulation, storage, absorption, excretion, and production

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57
Q

What happens when bug vessels dilate

A

They get larger

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58
Q

How does blood vessel dilation regulate temperature

A

Lets heat escape

59
Q

Erythema

A

This color of skin

60
Q

Erythema cause

A

Burns

61
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow color of skin

62
Q

Jaundice cause

A

Gallbladder disease

63
Q

Vesicles

A

Blisters or sacks full of fluid

64
Q

Papules

A

Firm raised areas of skin

65
Q

Macules

A

Flat spots on the skin

66
Q

Ulcers

A

Deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis

67
Q

Three main layers of skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous or hypodermis

68
Q

Pustules

A

Sacs filled with pus

69
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a body part away from the midline

70
Q

Addduction

A

Moving a body part towards the midline

71
Q

Contractibility

A

Muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves, contract, or become short and thick, which causes movement

72
Q

Elasticity

A

Allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it is been contracted or stretched

73
Q

Excitability

A

Irritability, the ability to respond to stimulus

74
Q

Extensibility

A

The ability to be stretched

75
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two bones, or strengthening a body part

76
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between two bones, or bending a body part

77
Q

Insertion

A

The end that moves when muscle contracts

78
Q

Muscle

A

Bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue

79
Q

Origin

A

When I muscle attached to a bone, this is the end that does not move

80
Q

Tendons

A

Strong, tough, fibrous connective tissue cord that attaches muscle to bone

81
Q

Voluntary

A

A person that has control over its action

82
Q

How many muscles are in the human body

A

600+

83
Q

What causes muscles to atrophy

A

Lack of use

84
Q

Three main kinds of muscle

A

Dawdle, visceral, and cardiac

85
Q

Muscle spasms

A

Involuntary movement of a muscle

86
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Chronic muscular atrophy

87
Q

Strain

A

Over stretch of a muscle

88
Q

Systole

A

A period of ventricular contraction in the heart

89
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Complex protein on red blood cells

90
Q

Capillary

A

Blood vessels that connects arterioles with venules

91
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

92
Q

Blood

A

Tissue that flows through the circulatory system

93
Q

Atrium

A

Upper chamber of the heart

94
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular middle layer of the heart

95
Q

Diastole

A

Brief period of rest in the heart

96
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Blood cell required for the clotting process

97
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid portion of blood

98
Q

Mitral valve

A

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

99
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower chamber of the heart

100
Q

Septum

A

Muscular wall that separates the heart into a right and left side

101
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

102
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

103
Q

Two largest veins in the body

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

104
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An abnormal heart rhythm

105
Q

What can arrhythmia be diagnosed by using

A

Electrocardiogram and cardiac monitors

106
Q

Other name for circulatory system

A

Cardiovascular system

107
Q

What are the smallest branches of arteries

A

Arterioles

108
Q

What are the smallest branches of veins

A

Venules

109
Q

For substances that are dissolved or suspended in plasma

A

proteins, nutrients, minerals, metabolic waste, and gases

110
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell; helps fight bacteria

111
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cell; oxygen and CO2 get transported throughout the body

112
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Helps with clotting

113
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Difficulty for the heart to pump blood

114
Q

Pharynx

A

Lies directly behind the nasal cavity

115
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Two openings, called nostrils are Nayers, through which air enters

116
Q

Nasolacriminal ducts

A

Dry in tears from that I into the nose and provide additional moisture for the air

117
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Lined with mucous membrane and have rich blood supply

118
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Tube extending from the larynx to the center of the chest

119
Q

Larynx

A

Lies between the pharynx and trachea

120
Q

How long of an oxygen supply does the human body have

A

4 to 6 minutes

121
Q

What trap dirt and pathogens as they enter the nose

A

Mucus and cilia

122
Q

Respiratory center in the brain

A

Medulla oblongata

123
Q

Three things that happens to air once it enters the nasal cavity

A

Warms
Filters
Moistens

124
Q

Inspiration

A

Air goes into the nasopharynx/Oropharynx then the diaphragm and intercostals expand, then CO2 is expelled to the nasopharynx/oral pharynx and the diaphragm and intercostal relax

125
Q

Internal respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between tissues and bloodstream

126
Q

External respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the lungs in the bloodstream

127
Q

Antisepsis

A

Process that prevents the growth of pathogenic organisms

128
Q

Anaerobic

A

Organisms that can live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen

129
Q

Chain of infection

A

Must be present for disease to occur

130
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of pathogens

131
Q

Sterilization

A

Process it destroys all micro organisms including spores and viruses

132
Q

Nosocomial

A

Infections acquired in a healthcare facility

133
Q

Microorganism

A

Small living plant or animal organism not visible to the naked eye

134
Q

Pathogen

A

Germ or disease producing micro organism

135
Q

Aerobic

A

Organisms that require oxygen to live

136
Q

Protozoa

A

One celled animal organisms found in the cage materials and contaminated water

137
Q

Disinfection

A

Process that destroys or kills pathogens

138
Q

Bacteria

A

One celled plantlike organisms that multiply rapidly

139
Q

Three ways pathogenic organisms can cause infection and disease

A

Produce toxins, cause allergic reactions, And attack healthy cells

140
Q

Four things needed for micro organisms to grow and reproduce

A

Oxygen, moist, dark, food

141
Q

How do you non-pathogens differ from pathogens

A

Non-pathogens are beneficial while pathogens are not

142
Q

List three common aseptic technique’s

A

Washing hands, using gloves, and avoid contact with unclean things

143
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus is

144
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Sports Med (17 decks)

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