Final Exam Review

Question 0

How Does Staphylococcus aureus that cause Boils Enter , attached, avoid, damage and Exits?

Answer 0

Enter via direct contact with infected patients or Self inoculated 
Attached to Hair Follicles 
Avoid by Leuckoicide  
Damage Inflammatory Response 
Exit via Pus

Question 1

Provide the Etiology of the Staphylococcus aureus and what does case ?

Answer 1

1) Grams +
2) R -to B- Lactams ( penicillin )
3) Produce Toxic enzyme

Staphylococcus aureus Cause Boils
(Some People Carry it Chronically in their Nasal Mucous )
(Facultative Halophile Does not kill Staphylococcus aureus)

Question 2

What’s are the Signs and Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus ( Boils ) ?

Answer 2

1) Infected Edema ( Blood clots)
2) Results in Inflammatory Response ( Pain and Local Fever, and Redness )
3) Pus and hard Core

Question 3

How do you Treat Boils ( Staphylococcus aureus) ? And how you Prevent the spread of of the infection?

Answer 3

1) Cloxacillin
2) Flucloxacillin

For preventing you should treat patients who carry Staphylococcus aureus as chronically by using Antibiotics Cream and Good Personal Hygiene

Question 4

Provide the etiology of the Streptococcus Pyogenes and what does this Bacteria Cause?

Answer 4

Streptococcus pyogenes Cause Cellulitis

1) Gram +
2) B- hemolytic on blood agar
3) fermentation Metabolism
4) group A protein on Surface

Question 5

What is the Sings and symptoms of Cellulitis ( Staphylococcus pyogenes)?

How you diagnosis the disease?

Answer 5

Infected dermis results in Edema and local fever and pain and Redness

1) aspirations of infected site
2) specimen culture and gram stains

Question 6

How Does Cellulitis ( Streptococcus Pyogenes) treated ?

What might Used for Prevention ?

Answer 6

1) Diclixacillin
2) cephalosporin ( Cephazolin)
If allergic ( Erythromycin)

Patient with recurrence of Streptococcus Pyogenes may Use Penicillin G or Erythromycin for Prevention

Question 7

Provide the etiology of the Psuedomonas aeruginosa? And what Site this Common Pathogen infected ?

Answer 7

1) Gram Negative
2) Monoploar Flagellum
3) R-to- Disinfectant
The site of infection are ( Lungs Purple Pus , Epidermis, Urinary Tract infection, Burns )

Question 8

Provide the Etiology of the Clostridium perfringens? And what does this uncommon pathogen Cause ?

Answer 8

1) Gram Positive, Rod Shaped , endospore Forming
2) obligate Anaerobic

Causes Gas Gangrene ( infected Wounds that are poor in Blood Supply)

Question 9

What are the 3 types of Meningitis?

Answer 9

1) Viral Meningitis
2) Fungal Meningitis
3) Bacterial Meningitis

Question 10

What causes the Viral Meningitis? And what is the Viral Meningitis?

Answer 10

1) Viral Meningitis caused Mostly by Enterovirus 90%

2) Aspect Meningitis that normally does not damage the Brain

Question 11

Name the Opportunistic pathogen that Causes the Fungal Meningitis and who can get this Type of Meningitis?

Answer 11

Cryptococcus neoformans that infected patients with HIV

Question 12

What what Are the most Common Bacterial Pathogens that Causes the Bacterial Meningitis? Provide Etiology of Each one !

Answer 12

1) Streptoccus pneumoniae
( Gram +, IgA protease, Antiphagocytitic capsule)
2) Neisseria meningitidis
( Gram -, Diplococcus,IgA protease, Antiphagocytitic capsule)
3) Hemophilis influenza type B
( gram-, IgA protease, Antiphagocytitic capsule, most commonly with ago of 6 months-3 years and Country without HiB vaccination)

Question 13

Provide the Clinical signs and symptoms of Bacterial Meningitis ( Early , late ) and How you can Treat the Meningitis?

Answer 13

1) Stiffness Neck, Sore throat, fever, headache, Nausea and vomiting
2) Coma and neurological disorder and death
* *** treatment should start immediately
1) Ampicillin
2) Rifamycin

Question 14

What Causes the Rabies ? And what is the etiology of this Virus ?

Answer 14

1) Rabies Caused by Rhabdovirus

ssRNA, Bullet Capsid , Envelope with Spike Projection

Question 15

What is the Signs and symptoms of the Rabies and How can be treated and How may You Prevent this Infection?

Answer 15

1) pain on the site if bite
2) low fever
3) Drooling
4) Excitability
( Nigre Bodies in the Brain)

Treatment are Post Vaccination exposure
Prevention are Domestic Pets Vaccination

Question 16

What is the Primary Virus that Causes the Chicken Pox? Provide Etiology !

What Is the Secondary Virus that Causes Chicken Pox?

Answer 16

1) Primary Virus is ( Varicella Zooster Virus ) :- dsDNA , Polyhedral Capsid , Envelope
2) Secondary Pathogen is Shingles ( Herpes Zooster) which infected mostly Old people which leads to Activationsbof VZV and Infect non immune Children

Question 17

What is the Clinical signs and symptoms of The Chicken Pox ( VZV) ?
And how you treats The Uncomplicated Case ?
What About Treatment of Complications such as Neonatal infection, Hemorrhagic and Encephalitis ?

Answer 17

1) signs include Purities ( itching) Pustular Rash ( hands and scapula and the body , Fever )
2) treatment for uncomplicated case are supportive Care( Antihistamine, Fluid and Electrolytes, Pain Medication, soothing agent)
3) Treatment for the Complicated case ( Neonatal infection) Oral Or IV Acyclovir and Varicella Post Exposure Vaccination

Question 18

How you might Prevent The Chicken Pox?

Answer 18

1) Varivsx Vaccination for Children

2) Zostavax Vaccination ( Herpes Zooster) for 60 years of age and older

Question 19

1) Name the Virus that Causes Mononucleosis ( Kissing disease) ?
2) Provide the Etiology of this Virus?
3) What is the Clinical signs and symptoms of this Disease?
4) How you can Treat Epstein Barr virus that infects the Patient?
* * Incubation Period 4-7 weeks

Answer 19

1&2) Epstein Barr Virus ( dsDNA , Polyhedral Capsid, Envelope)
3) Tonsillitis and Fever1-3 weeks, Rash if Ampicillin is given, Fatigue, Swollen Lymph.
4) Treatment is Supportive Care
( Bed Rest , Fever Medication, Sore throat Analgesic, Fluid and electrolytes to prevent dehydration)

Prevention is difficult because its Ubiquitous Pathogen

Question 20

What causes Plague ( الطاعونThe Black Death) and Provide the etiology of the pathogen ?

Answer 20

1) Yersinia Pestis ( Gram - Rod-shaped- Antiphagocytitic capsule)

Question 21

What Does Cause The Plague ( The Black Death) ? And provide the etiology!
Reservoir?

Answer 21

1) Yersinia Petis ( Gram-, Rod )(Antiphagocytitic Capsule)

2) infected Rodents ( Transmitted by Vector Mode):- Rat Flea

Question 22

1) What is the Clinical signs and symptoms of The Plague ( Yersinia Petis ) ?
2) How does Plague can be Diagnosis ?

Answer 22

• Bubo ( Painful, swollen, Lymph node)
• Extreme Exhausted
• Fever
• Plague Septicemia ( Blood stream )

2) Fluids from Bubo, Blood, Lungs
Test:- Direct Fluorescent antibody test

Question 23

1) How You Would Treat Plague ( Bubo ) ?

2) How you prevent Plague? (1- Vaccination)

Answer 23

1) Isolation (Drug Therapy ( Streptomycin or gentamycin )
2) Contact tracing
3) Uses of Prophylaxis ( Tetracycline )
4) avoid high risks area of infected rodents
5) uses insecticide
6) Public health education

Question 24

1) What Causes Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever? Provide Etiology!
2) Reservoir?
3) Transmission?

Answer 24

1) Ebola Virus ( Envelope, Capsid shaped, single - sRNA)
2) Reservoir Unknown
3) Transmission via direct contact ( Blood, Secretion , Semens of infected individual )

Question 25

1) What is the Clinical signs and symptoms of The Ebola hemorrhagic fever?
2) what kind of Damage Ebola virus Causes?

Answer 25

1) Sudden onset of Fever. Pain, weakenss - Followed by Both internal and external Bleeding.. Limited kidney and liver function.
2) Destruction of the Endothelial Tissue

Question 26

How you treat Ebola hemorrhagic fever? And how you Prevent it ?

Answer 26

1) no antiviral agent ( Only supportive care )

2) Prevention ( no vaccination)
- isolation, patients who die from this disease should Buried
- check people surrounding the patient temperature twice daily

Question 27

1) Provide the Pathogens that Causes Malaria ?
2) Reservoir?
3) Transmission?

Answer 27

1) - Plasmodium falciparum (most lethal)
- malariae , ovale, vivax
( Eukaryotic, Protozoan. sporozoan )
2) H-mosquito-h
3) Bite of Female Anopheles mosquito

Question 28

1) What is the Clinical signs and Symptoms of Malaria that Causes by Plasmodium spp ?
2) How you Treat it ?
3) How you Prevent Malaria ?

Answer 28

1) Cycles fever, Shivering, Repeating Vomiting, Sever anemia
2) Chloroquine if allergic ( Quinine)
3) Prevention include ( Public Spraying, Mosquito netting , Prophylaxis)

Question 29

How does Plasmodium Spp ( Causes Malaria) Attached to the host and What Kind of Damage it Caused?

Answer 29

1) attached to Hepatocyte initially then released to infect Erythrocytes
2) Causes Capillary Hemorrhagic and thrombosis)

Question 30

1) What Causes Lyme Disease ? Provide the etiology!
2) Reservoir ?
3) Transmission?

Answer 30

1) Borrelia burgdorfer
( eubacteria, Spirochete, motile, Gram-, unique Genes)
2) ( white footed mouse & deer )
3) Ixodes tick ( deer tick )

Question 31

1) What are the clinical signs and symptoms of Lyme disease?
2) diagnosis test ?

Answer 31

1)( Lyme disease is mult system , mult stages, inflammatory disease)
Very big rash , Flu-like symptoms, CNS manifestations ( seizure) , joint inflammation.

2) ELISA test and Western immunoblot

Question 32

How you treat Lyme disease? And what is the Vaccination name ?

Answer 32

1) Doxycycline or amoxicillin or erythromycin.

Vaccination ( LYMErix)