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diagnoses > final exam reverse cards > Flashcards

final exam reverse cards Flashcards

1
Q

inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behavior

A

what is a personality disorder

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1
Q

odd or eccentric, unusual behavior
Paranoid PD
Schizoid PD

A

Cluster A PD

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2
Q

irrational suspicions and mistrust of others

A

paranoid PD

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3
Q

lack of interest in social relationships, anhedonia, introspection, emotional coldness and detachment

A

schizoid PD

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4
Q

dramatic, emotional, erratic
antisocial PD
borderline PD
histrionic PD
narcissistic PD

A

Cluster B PD

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5
Q

pervasive disregard for the rights of others, lack of empathy, and a pattern of regular criminal activity

A

antisocial PD

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6
Q

extreme black and white thinking; instability in relationships, self-image, identity; behavior often leading to self-harm and impulsivity

A

borderline PD

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7
Q

pervasive attention-seeking behavior including inappropriately seductive behavior and shallow or exaggerated emotions

A

histrionic PD

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8
Q

grandiose, need for admiration, self-important, preoccupied with belief that they are special, sense of entitlement, need for admiration, arrogant

A

narcissistic PD

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9
Q

fragile & unstable self-esteem
caused by parental abuse; intrusive, controlling, cold parenting

A

vulnerable narcissistic PD

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10
Q

overestimate own abilities, underestimate others; sense of entitlement
caused by parent overvaluation

A

grandiose narcissistic PD

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11
Q

anxious and fearful
avoidant PD
dependent PD
obsessive-compulsive PD

A

Cluster C PD

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12
Q

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation and avoidance of social interaction

A

avoidant PD

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13
Q

pervasive psychological dependence on other people

A

dependent PD

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14
Q

rigid conformity to rules and moral codes; excessive orderliness (comorbidity with OCD only 20%)

A

obsessive-compulsive PD

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15
Q

teens, early adulthood
75% comorbidity, 85% another PD
9-13% of US adults

A

course of PD

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16
Q

temperament & big five traits
genetics
disturbed parent-child attachment
parental psychopathology
ineffective parenting
abuse

A

contributory factors to PD

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17
Q

relief from negative emotions
communicate distress
self-punishment
to feel something

A

non-suicidal self injury

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18
Q

genetics
low serotonin
high norepinephrine
brain abnormalities (frontal lobe, hippocamp, amyg)
childhood abuse, neglect
parental psychopathology

A

causal factors of borderline PD

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19
Q

DBT
medications mildly beneficial

A

treatment of borderline PD

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20
Q

ASPD behaviors + interpersonal and affective traits: cunningness, coldness, inability to have empathy

A

psychopathy

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21
Q

gene-enviro: mono oxi-A gene & childhood adversity
moderate heritability
deficient behavioral inhibition system
overactive behavioral activation system
emotional deficits

A

causal factors of antisocial behaviors

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22
Q

prevention for ASPD and psychopathy

A

fast track project

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23
Q

impaired control
social impairment
risky use
pharmacological
mild: 2-3
moderate: 4-5
severe: 6+

A

addiction symptom categories

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24
Q

taken longer than intended
unsuccessful efforts to control use
great deal of time spent
cravings

A

impaired control

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25
Q

failure to fulfill major role obligations
continued use despite social problems
activities given up to use

A

social impairment

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26
Q

recurrent use in hazardous situations
continued despite knowing a problem has been caused by it

A

risky use

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27
Q

tolerance
withdrawal

A

pharmacological

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28
Q

sweating, high pulse
hand tremors
insomnia
nausea or vomiting
psychomotor agitation
anxiety

A

diagnosing alcohol withdrawal

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29
Q

injury
crime
relationship deterioration
occupational problems
financial strain

A

risks of alcohol use disorder

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30
Q

low levels: suppresses inhibitory parts of brain, stimulates pleasure centers
high levels: inhibits glutamine, lower brain activital, lower respiratio

A

alcohol has stimulant + depressant properties

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31
Q

weight gain/malnutrition
reduced life span (12 years)
brain shrinkage
sleep distruption

A

physical effects of chronic alcohol use

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32
Q

genetics
physiology
environment
behavior

A

what impact alcohol use

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33
Q

drinking to relax
expectations about pros and cons
lack of social support
sociocultural factors

A

what impacts problematic alcohol use

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34
Q

multidisciplinary approach: group therapy, motivational interviewing, virtual reality, medication

A

treatment of alcohol use disorder

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35
Q

stimulants
depressants
hallucinogens

A

substance use disorder

36
Q

amphetamines
cocaine
caffeine
nicotine
weed

A

stimulants

37
Q

xanax
alcohol
opium
codeine
heroin
weed

A

depressants

38
Q

LSD
ketamine
weed

A

hallucinogens

39
Q

outcomes are better when people are taught to expect relapse
due to: cues, withdrawal symptoms, anhedonia, coping

A

relapse and addiction

40
Q

suppresses anxiety in stressed communities, lower education, target of tobacco companies

A

why lower SES = higher smoking rates

41
Q

nicotine replacement therapy plus CBT

A

treating nicotine addiction

42
Q

emotional dysregulation, low-stress tolerance, rebellious, thrill-seeking, superstitious, antisocial, compulsive

A

gambling disorder symptoms

43
Q

operant conditioning (variable ratio schedule or reinforcement)
rationalizations and misunderstandings

A

etiology of gambling disorder

44
Q

CBT

A

treating gambling disorder

45
Q

deficits in language, perceptual and motor development, reality testing, social functioning

A

autism-spectrum disorder

46
Q

show little or no need for affection, may not seem to know or care who parents are, inability to take other people’s perspectives

A

social characteristics of autism

47
Q

speech is sometimes present, often not
echolalia may occur

A

language characteristics of autism

48
Q

hand flapping, spinning, rocking
self-injurious behaviors
odd body postures, clenching
hyper or hypo sensitivity to sensory input

A

motor features of autism

49
Q

usually impairment (with exceptions)
difficulty with symbolic motor and visual tasks
assessment challenges

A

intellectual ability of autism

50
Q

insistence on routine, rituals
hyper-focused on object, upset if taken away

A

sameness in autism

51
Q

genes
CNS damage
prenatal development
advanced paternal age

A

risks for autism

52
Q

intensive behavior therapy (most hours spent in teaching)

A

support for autism

53
Q

impulsivity, excessive motor activity, trouble sustaining attention, highly distractable, often over-talkative, socially immature relative to peers, intrusive

A

ADHD symptoms

54
Q

trouble getting alone with parents
viewed negatively by peers
struggle in school

A

clinical picture of ADHD

55
Q

slightly smaller brain volume
slower brain maturation
brain processes that disinhibit child’s behavior (frontal lobe)
highly heritable

A

etiology of ADHD

56
Q

medication
family therapy
behavior therapy techniques

A

ADHD treatment

57
Q

angry/irritable, negative, defiant, disobedient, hostile behavior towards authority
subtypes: angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, vindictiveness

A

oppositional defiant disorder

58
Q

inconsistent discipline
harsh discipline
parents not able to guide or supervise child

A

risk factors to ODD

59
Q

persistent, repetitive rule violation; disregard others’ rights
lying, stealing, aggression, vengefulness, destructiveness, truancy, running away

A

conduct disorder

60
Q

high heritability
aggression, poor social skills, disobedience
ineffective parenting
low SES

A

etiology of conduct disorder

61
Q

cohesive family model (parenting skills, disciplinary consistency, attend to and reinforce positive behavior instead of negative)

A

treatment of conduct disorder

62
Q

excessive anxiety about separation from attachment figures and familiar home surroundings

A

separation anxiety disorder

63
Q

normally capable of speech but cannot speak in specific situations or to specific people

A

selective mutism

64
Q

social and cultural factors
temperament
life events
overanxious/overprotective parents
indifferent, detached, or rejecting parents
exposure to violence

A

etiology of childhood anxiety

65
Q

medication, CBT, play therapy, parent training

A

treating childhood anxiety

66
Q

irritability usually instead of depressed mood

A

childhood depression

67
Q

parental depression
early trauma and severe stress
cognitive style/ruminative coping

A

etiology of childhood depression

68
Q

antidepressants, CBT, play therapy

A

treatment of childhood depression

69
Q

challenges: some symptoms developmentally appropriate, symptoms overlap with other diagnoses, tough diagnosis to shake
problems: diagnosed more frequently is US, more in BIPOC kids

A

childhood bipolar disorder

70
Q

delayed development in specific area
not motivational, not due to a known physical or neurological defect

A

learning disorders

71
Q

word recognition, reading comprehension
misspelling (phoneticized, reversals)
reading: slow; omit, add, distort words

A

dyslexia

72
Q

genes, medical issues, enviro, nervous system impairments

A

etiology of dyslexia

73
Q

accommodations help

A

treatment of dyslexia

74
Q

deficits in general mental abilities before age 18e

A

intellectual disability

75
Q

genes and chromosomes, infections and toxins, physical injury at birth, radiation, malnutrition

A

etiology of intellectual disability

76
Q

trisomy of chromosome 21
biggest deficits in verbal + language skills
problems managing life tasks
health problems, shortened life span, accelerated aging

A

down syndrome

77
Q

children can learn self-help skills
inclusive classroom settings

A

helping down syndrome

78
Q

evidence of cognitive decline from a previous level of performance: attention, language, memory, learning, cognition

A

symptoms of major neurocognitive disorder

79
Q

some treatable: medications, depression, b12, alcoholism, tumors, imbalances
others: alzheimer’s, stroke, parkinson’s

A

etiology of major neurocognitive disorder

80
Q

physical profile, psychological problems, cognitive deficits, loss of dopamine-producing cells

A

parkinson’s

81
Q

meds that increase availability of dopamine, deep brain stimulation, stem cell treatment

A

treatment of parkinson’s

82
Q

death in 10-20 years, no treatment, caused by huntingtin gene on chromosome 4

A

huntington’s disease

83
Q

slow, progressive deterioration
memory for recent events
disorientation, poor judgment, hygiene neglect, empty speech, wandering

A

alzheimer’s

84
Q

doubles every 5 years after age 40, African American, more common in women
smoker, less education, lower SES, head trauma, APOE-E4 allele

A

risk factors of alzheimer’s

85
Q

physical activity and healthy diet
sufficient sleep
cognitive activity and stimulating environment

A

protective factors of alzheimer’s

86
Q

amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, brain atrophy

A

how alzheimer’s impacts brain

87
Q

medications that increase acetylcholine, behavioral treatments, caregiver support interventions

A

treatment of alzheimer’s

diagnoses (4 decks)

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