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diagnoses > exam 2 reverse cards > Flashcards

exam 2 reverse cards Flashcards

1
Q
  1. insomnia/hypersomnia
  2. psychomotor agitation or retardation
  3. feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  4. hard to think or concentrate
A

Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms

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2
Q

two ppl can have depression and have different symptoms

A

heterogenous presentation

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3
Q

loss of pleasure, despair, lack of mood reactivity
highly heritable and associated w childhood trauma

A

MDD with melancholic features

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4
Q

mood reactivity, weight gain, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis

A

MDD with atypical features

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5
Q

delusions or hallucinations

A

MDD with psychotic features

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6
Q

immobility to extensive psychomotor activity
mutism & rigidity

A

MDD with catatonic features

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7
Q

episodes occur and resolve at the same times, no other nonseasonal episodes

A

MDD with seasonal pattern

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8
Q

less intense, more chronic
worse outcomes, equal impairment

A

persistent depressive disorder

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9
Q

Manic episode
1. elevated, expansive, irritable mood
2. psychotic symptoms
3. lack of insight
4. circumstantiality (over-explaining)
5. tangentiality (not getting back to question)
6. clanging (alliteration & rhyming)

A

Bipolar I

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10
Q

Hypomanic episodes
shorter duration, no psychotic symptoms or grandiosity

A

Bipolar II

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11
Q

numerous period of hypomanic and depressive symptoms without meeting criteria for episodes

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

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12
Q
  1. helps slow down
  2. learn to avoid painful relationships
  3. make corrections for next time
A

how are low-level depressive symptoms adaptive

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13
Q

Nature
1. Genes (serotonin transporter gene)
2. Neurotransmitters (imbalance theory incorrect)
3. Hormones (cortisol, hyperthyroidism)
4. Brain influences
5. Biological rhythms (sleep, seasons)
Nurture
1. Stress
2. Psychological factors

A

Causes of MDD

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14
Q

Excluded in DSM-5 so someone depressed following bereavement can get diagnosed
Pathologizing grief

A

Issue of Bereavement

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15
Q
  1. CBT! Negative cognitive triad–about self, world, and future–maintained by errors in logic and thinking (excessive responsibility, fortune-telling)
  2. Behavioral activation: reduce withdrawal & avoidance, increase positive reinforcement (schedule activities)
A

Therapeutic Treatments of MDD

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16
Q

Tricyclics
SSRIs
Esketamine nasal spray
Psilocybin-assisted treatment

A

Pharmacological Treatments of MDD

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17
Q

Individualistic = higher manic
Collectivistic = higher depressive

A

Culture in Bipolar

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18
Q
  1. Neurotransmitters
  2. Brain structure (frontal-limbic)
  3. Hormones (HPA axis, thyroid)
  4. Genetics
  5. Biological rhythms
A

Causes of Bipolar

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19
Q
  1. Mood stabilizers (Lithium)!
  2. Family-focused treatment
  3. Psychoeducation
  4. CBT
A

Treating Bipolar

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20
Q

Add to typical functioning
1. delusions and hallucinations
2. disorganized speech and behavior

A

Schizo Positive Symptoms

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21
Q

Deficit in typical functioning
1. Flat affect (no facial express)
2. Anhedonia (cant experience positive emotions)
3. Asociality
4. Avolition (apathy)
5. Alogia (poverty of speech)

A

Schizo Negative Symptoms

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22
Q

Major mood episode (depressive or manic) with delusions/hallucinations.
Delusions/hallucinations in the absence of a major mood episode.

A

Schizoaffective Disorder

23
Q

Schizophrenia-like psychosis but shorter

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

24
Q

Delusions & no other psychotic symptoms
Erotomanic, Grandiose, Jealous, Persecutory, Somatic

A

Delusional Disorder

25
Q

Mostly positive symptoms of schizophrenia lasting at least 1 day to less than 1 month

A

Brief Psychotic Disorder

26
Q

Highly heritable
Prenatal factors (exposure to infection, complications, malnutrition)
Communication deviance
Expressed emotion

A

Genetic Influence on Schizo

27
Q

Loss of brain volume–frontal & temporal lobes (amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus)

A

Brain Abnormalities in Schizo

28
Q

Urban living
Immigration
Socioeconomic status
Better prognosis in less industrialized nations (less expressed emotion & less long-term maintenance pharmacology)

A

Social Factors on Schizo

29
Q

Antipsychotics (GOLD STANDARD)
1. Thorazine
2. Haldol
3. Zyprexa
4. Seroquel

A

Pharmacological Treatments of Schizo

30
Q

Family therapy
Psychoeducation
ACT

A

Psychosocial Treatments of Schizo

31
Q

Support network, intensive treatment at home
Demedicalize the illness

A

Finland’s Open Dialogue for Schizo

32
Q

Relate body sensations to catastrophic illness
High negative affect, alexithymia (trouble naming emotions), history of childhood sickness/absence

A

Somatic Symptom Disorder

33
Q

CBT: induce symptoms to show they’re harmless; prevent body scans and reassurance-seeking

A

Treating Somatic Symptom Disorder

34
Q

No somatic symptoms
High level of anxiety about health

A

Illness Anxiety Disorder

35
Q

Begins after stressor, psych symptoms become physical
Not explained by known medical condition

A

Conversion Disorder

36
Q

Eclectic:
Successive exercises with reinforcement for progress.
Reinforcements for symptoms are eliminated

A

Treatment of Conversion Disorder

37
Q

Commonalities:
1. Prevalence
2. Demographics
3. Motor symptoms, loss of consciousness, pseudo-seizures
Differences:
1. Symptoms in asia and africa include unresponsiveness, peppery sensations
2. Overlap with culture-bound syndromes

A

Culture and Conversion Disorder

38
Q

loss of awareness for important personal info, a way of managing stress and anxiety

A

Dissociative Episodes

39
Q

Sense of self and of one’s own reality temporarily lost

A

Depersonalization

40
Q

Sense of reality of the outside world temporarily lost

A

Derealization

41
Q

Inability to recall previously stored info:
Name, Address, Occupation, Family.
Retrograde–impaired episodic and autobiographical memory

A

Dissociative Amnesia

42
Q

Individual leaves home. When home, amnesia for fugue period sets in

A

Dissociative Amnesia with Fugue

43
Q

Remove patient from threatening situation, recover and work through memories

A

Treatment for Dissociative Amnesia

44
Q

2+ identities rotate in controlling behavior.
“Switching” is sudden, often involuntary

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

45
Q
  1. Movies and media
  2. Increased attention to history of child abuse
  3. Diagnostic criteria
  4. Therapists subtly suggesting multiple personalities
A

Reasons DID is Increasing

46
Q

Posttraumatic theory: reaction to severe childhood trauma (diathesis-stress)
Sociocognitive theory: highly suggestible person adopts different identities as clinicians suggest, legitimize, and reinforce them (biopsychosocial)

A

How DID Develops

47
Q

Eclectic: relying most heavily on insight-oriented techniques (psychodynamic)!
Goal is to merge sub-personalities.
After merging, therapy needed to maintain complete personality and prevent future dissociations

A

Treating DID

48
Q

Binge eating and purging to prevent weight gain

A

Bulimia Nervosa

49
Q

Strict dieting
Tension and cravings
Binge eating
Purging
Shame and disgust
Repeat

A

Binge-Purge Cycle

50
Q

Antidepressants and CBT

A

Treating Bulimia

51
Q

Recurrent episodes of binge eating with no purging

A

Binge-Eating Disorder

52
Q

Interpersonal Therapy!
Antidepressants + CBT

A

Binge Eating Disorder Treatment

53
Q

Denial
Pride
Ambivalence (baggy clothes)
Preoccupation with food

A

Anorexia Nervosa Features

54
Q

First restore weight
Medications: Olanzapine (antipsychotic that helps weight gain)
For teens: Family therapy
For adults: CBT, IPT, general supportive therapy

A

Anorexia Treatment

diagnoses (4 decks)

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