FINAL EXAM- Quantum mechanics

Question 1

Line spectra

Answer 1

a spectrum consisting of discrete frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 2

Continuous spectra

Answer 2

continuous range of frequencies/wavelengths/energies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

Absorption spectra

Answer 3

(dark line spectra)- results when electrons absorb energy to move from ground to excited state

Question 4

Emission spectra

Answer 4

(bright line spectra)- results from electrons losing energy when they move from an excited state to the ground state

Question 5

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 5

the radiation associated with an electric and magnetic field; it varies periodically and travels at the speed of light (textbook). Form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space, visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and visible light it a type of electromagnetic radiation (notes).

Question 6

Principal energy level

Answer 6

The energy level denoted by principal quantum number n. The first element in a period of the periodic table introduces a new principal energy level. Represented by 1-7. Size of the area where electron is found. Same as Principal quantum number- the quantum number that indicates the energy and orbital of an electron in an atom.

Question 7

Sublevel

Answer 7

A sublevel is an electron orbital. Sublevels are designated s, p, d or f. These sublevels or orbitals have characteristic shapes, which can be used to explain and predict the chemical bonds that atoms can form. Shape of the area where the electron is found.

Question 8

Orbital

Answer 8

A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. A three dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron (the weird shapes). Orientation in space of the area the electron is found.

Question 9

Isotope

Answer 9

an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass). Ex. C-12

Question 10

Electron configuration

Answer 10

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 11

Describe the four levels of the quantum mechanics model

Answer 11

1st energy level

• Can hold up to 2 electrons
• Has 1 sublevel and it is Spherical (S) in shape

2nd energy level

• Can hold up to 8 electrons
• Has 2 sublevels- S & P

3rd energy level

• Can hold up to 18 electrons
• Has 3 sublevels- S, P, & D

4th-7th energy levels

• Can hold up to 32 electrons
• Has 4 sublevels- S, P, D, & F

Question 12

S

Answer 12

can hold 2 electrons and has 1 orientation

Question 13

P

Answer 13

can hold 6 electrons and has 3 orientations

Question 14

D

Answer 14

can hold 10 electrons and has 5 orientations

Question 15

F

Answer 15

can hold 14 electrons and has 7 orientations

Question 16

Energy level, Sublevel, Orbital, and Spin are all

Answer 16

Quantum numbers

Question 17

Aufau principal

Answer 17

• an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it.
• Diagonal arrows

Question 18

Pauli Exclusion principle

Answer 18

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. In the orbital diagram, 2 electrons within the same orbital have to have opposite spins.
- opposite spin arrows

Question 19

Hund’s rule

Answer 19

orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron and all singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin. Electrons don’t want to be with each other/double/pair up because they have opposite spins.
- single arrow

Question 20

Electron configuration, energy level represented by

Answer 20

1-7

Question 21

Electron configuration, sublevel represented by

Answer 21

spdf

Question 22

Electron configuration, orbital represented by

Answer 22

box (number number of orientations)

Question 23

Electron configuration, spin represented

Answer 23

arrows

Question 24

Novel has electron configuration

Answer 24

• Find element on periodic table
• Find the noble gas that has the closest atomic number but who’s atomic number is still less than the element you found. In this case, Rb’s atomic number is 37 and Kr’s is 36.
• You can replace the full electron configuration up to 36 electrons with Kr and then write the remaining
• You can only do this with noble gases

Question 25

How to find last placement of of element on periodic table

Answer 25

• Energy level= how many spaces down column
• Sublevel= section its in
• Electrons= number of spaces over in a row

Question 26

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 26

the radiation associated with an electric and magnetic field; it varies periodically and travels at the speed of light.

Question 27

Photoelectric effect

Answer 27

When electrons are emitter from a metal when light shines on the metal.

Question 28

Spectroscopy

Answer 28

The branch of science concerned with the investigation and measurement of spectra produced when matter interacts with or emits electromagnetic radiation.

Question 29

Shorter wavelength

Answer 29

higher frequency

Question 30

longer wavelength

Answer 30

lower frequency

Question 31

red to violet energy

Answer 31

least to most

Question 32

Photoelectric effect happens when

Answer 32

the electron picks up light (higher energy light=moves farther) and that light is no longer there, then it jumps back to the ground state and emits the light it took.