Final exam pt2

Question 1

What are the 4 stages and 4 laws of behaviour change

Answer 1

The 4 Stages of Behavior Change:
1. Cue: The trigger that initiates a behavior.
2. Craving: The desire or motivation to act.
3. Response: The action or behavior taken.
4. Reward: The outcome that reinforces the behavior.

The 4 Laws of Behavior Change (Atomic Habits by James Clear):
1. Make it Obvious: Ensure the cue is visible and easy to recognize.
2. Make it Attractive: Associate the behavior with something desirable.
3. Make it Easy: Reduce friction to make the behavior simple to do.
4. Make it Satisfying: Provide immediate positive reinforcement.

These principles help establish and maintain positive habits.

Question 2

What is choice architecture?

Answer 2

Refers to the way choices are organized and presented to people, influencing their decisions. By structuring options thoughtfully, it can encourage better decision-making without restricting freedom of choice.

For example, placing healthy food at eye level in a cafeteria subtly encourages healthier eating habits.

Question 3

What are the two ways of coping with stress according to the Transactional model of stress and coping? Which one is ultimately better for your mental health in the long run?

Answer 3

1. Problem-Focused Coping: Addressing the source of stress by taking action to resolve it (e.g., creating a plan or seeking solutions).
   
   • Better for mental health in the long run as it directly reduces stressors.
2. Emotion-Focused Coping: Managing emotional reactions to stress (avoiding it, distancing, accepting but reframing it).
   
   • Useful in situations where the stressor is uncontrollable but less effective for long-term resolution.

Question 4

Define and compare fixed mindset and growth mindset

Answer 4

Fixed mindset: belief that abilities and intelligence are static and cannot be changed. People with this mindset avoid challenges, give up easily, and see effort as fruitless because they believe their abilities are predetermined.

Growth mindset: belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort, learning, and perseverance. People with this mindset embrace challenges, persist through setbacks, and view effort as a path to mastery.

Question 5

Based on Carol Dweck’s work on the effects of praising children, we should be praising children for their ________ Vs. their ________?

Answer 5

effort and intelligence