final exam pt 2 Flashcards
how should food be served to a toddler to promote nutrition?
- at/near room temp
- soft foods
- cut into small, bit-size pieces
- finger foods preferred (autonomy)
why does physiologic anorexia occur in toddlers?
growth rate slows, decreasing need for calories/protein/fluid as compared to infancy
what are food jags? what intervention should be taken?
toddler prefers certain foods for a time period
do not giver/offer junk food
what should the nurse note when they recognize a toddler is adamant about using the same dish, cup, spoon for meals?
ritualism
which of the following is greater in toddlers, receptive language or expressive language?
receptive (can comprehend more than they can say)
how many words are expected by 2 yr?
50-300
what age group may echolalia be present in?
toddlers
what age group is telegraphic speech common in?
toddlers
at what age can a child begin to sit forward-acing in a car seat?
> 2yr
what age is solitary play seen in?
infant
what age is parallel play seen in?
toddlers
what age is associative play seen in?
pre-schooler
what age is cooperative play seen in?
school-age
what age group would benefit from mobiles, noise-makers, soft toys and large blocks?
infants
what age group would benefit from push-pull toys, lg-piece puzzles and balls?
toddlers
what age group would benefit from board games, action figures, models and video games?
school-age
what age group would benefit from arts/crafts, playing pretend and books?
pre-schoolers
what age group would benefit from reading, listening to music and peer time?
adolescent
which age would benefit from calming tone, therapeutic hugging and soothing music?
infant
which age group would benefit from approaching carefully, use toys/books to distract and parallel play?
toddler
what age group would benefit from puppets, play, touching equipment, allowing choices, simple terms, counting aloud and pretending to give their bear a shot?
pre- schooler
what age would benefit from encouraging questions, using diagrams and illustrations?
school-age
how much should birth weight increase by 5m?
doubles
how much should birth weight increase by 1 yr?
triples
how much should height increase by 6m?
1in/month
how much does birth length increase by 12m?
50%
what age are rolling from back to side, grasping objects with both hands and head control expected?
4m
what age are rolling back to front and holding bottle expected?
6m
what age are crude pincer, creeping and unsupported sitting expected?
9m
what age are self feeding, simple marks, 2 block tower, walking w/hand and sitting from standing expected?
12 m
what nutritional intervention is recommended for a breastfeeding-only infant after 4m?
iron supplementation
what nutrition is recommended for the first 6 m?
breastfeeding
how many calories should formulas provide?
20 cal/oz
how much iron/liter is indicated in formulas?
10-12 mg/Liter
which pre-school trait is characterized by the belief that thoughts are all powerful and an ability to satisfy curiosity through make-believe?
magical thinking
which pre-school trait is characterized by the ability to understand the sequence of daily events in relation to the other events?
time
what are common fears for pre-schooler?
loud noises
dark
hospitalization
body mutilation
which age is imaginative and dramatic play most helpful for?
pre-school
which condition causes dry, itchy, inflamed skin in response to environmental factors, temp changes and sweating?
atopic dermatitis
what may assist with itching for atopic dermatitis?
antihistamines at HS
what behavior modification techniques can be used during the waking hours for atopic dermatitis?
- clickers
- distractions
- rewards
what type of linens should be used with eczema?
100% cotton
what type of material should be avoided for eczema?
synthetics and wool
what meds are used for eczema?
topical corticosteroids
tacrolimus (immune modulators)
what is indicated by elevated neutrophils?
acute bacterial
severe stressor
what is indicated by elevated eosinophils?
allergic reactions
what is indicated by elevated lymphocytes (B &T cells)?
viral infections
chronic bacterial
what are the 2 inflammatory markers?
ESR and CRP
which immunoglobulin crosses the placenta and breastmilk and protects against viruses, bacteria and toxins?
IgG
which immunoglobulin is the defense against resp, GI and GU pathogens?
IgA
which immunoglobulin indicates an active infection?
IgM
which immunoglobulin increases during allergic states and parasitic infections?
IgE
what is indicated by an elevated complement C3?
active immune system from injury or infection
which formula is used to calculate fluid administration based on TBSA burned?
parkland formula
what chart is used to calculate TBSA?
Lund and Browder chart
which condition is characterized by muscle/joint pain, mild neck stiffness, malaise, fever and erythema migrans?
lyme disease
how long is abx therapy for lyme?
14-28 disease
what 2 abx for lyme?
doxycycline >8
amoxicillin < 8
how often should temp be assessed for fever management?
4-6 h
how soon after antipyretic admin should temp be assessed?
30-60 mins
how long does abx therapy last for acute OM?
10-14 days
