exam 1 Flashcards
what is expected of a 6 month old?
rolls from back to front
when can car seat face forward?
after the toddler turns 2 and exceeds manufacturer height recommendation
which activity is appropriate for a 4 year old following a femur fracture?
crayons and coloring book
what 2 findings are expected of a 4 month old?
- positive babinski reflex (until 12 months)
- able to hold head erect
what should the nurse say for a mom of a 3 year old who has temper tantrums constantly?
set limits regarding expected behavior
what should the nurse include when planning care for an 18 month old?
encourage/allow child to feed themselves
which is normal langauge development of a 6 month old?
babbling
what age is cooing expected?
3 months?
what type of play is expected for a 4 yr old?
sharing toys but doing their own thing
what should the nurse do if a 2 yr old has an open anterior fontanelle?
notify the provider
which anatomical feature predisposes infants to ear infections?
eustachian tubes (they are more horizontal)
what is the best method for performing a physical exam on a toddler?
from least to most invasive
what are 3 common stressors of hospitalization for a toddler?
- sleep disturbances
- fear of being hurt
- interrupted routine
which ericksons stage of development is a preschoolder in?
initiative vs guilt
what is animism?
all innanimate objects have life and spirit (toy story)
what age should all baby teeth be in?
age 3
how long does the anterior fontanelle remain open?
12-18 months
when does the posterior fontanelle close?
6-8 weeks age
what may be indicated by a dipped in fontanelle?
dehydration
what may be indicated by a protruding fontanelle?
increased ICP
what is the palmar reflex?
fingers grip around your finger when touching the palm
which reflexes causes infant to place arms in the air with palms up in response to loud noise?
moro reflex
what is the babinski sign?
- bottom of foot is stroked from heel upward along outward part of the foot (big toe dorsiflexes and other toes fan out)
what is expected of respiratory rate as infant age increases?
decrease RR
what is expected of BP as infant ages?
BP increases
what is expected of HR as infant ages?
HR decreases
how many teeth are expected by the end of the 1st year?
6-8 teeth
at what age should infant be able to hold head erect?
4 months
what fine motor skills are expected by 6 months?
- roll form back to front
- holds bottle
when is expected that infant can sit unsupported?
9 months
what age is a crude pincer grasp, and creeping on hands and feet expected?
9 months
what are expected fine motor milestones of a 12 month old?
-sit down from standing
- walks with one hand/own
- attempts 2 block tower
what is the first form of communication?
crying
what age is cooing?
3 months
what language development is expected by 12 months?
*3-5 words with meaning
- understands simple commands
- recognizes words for common items
which erikson stage develops from birth- 1 yr?
trust vs mistrust
when does the piaget sensorimotor stage occur?
birth- 2 yr
what major tasks are developed during the piaget sensorimotor stage?
- separation
- object permanence
- mental representation
which task of the piaget sensorimotor stage is characterized by an awareness of objects still existing even after they have left the visual field?
object permanence
what is the primary form of play for an infant?
solitary play (not sharing, short attention spans)
how often should new foods be introduced when baby is progressed to solid foods? why?
3-5 days
allergies
what sequence should solid foods be introduced?
- thin cereal/oatmeal
- vegetables
- fruit
how long should infant be in the backseat of a vehicle rear-facing?
until 2 years or the manufacturer recommended height
which erikson theory of development occurs in toddlers?
autonomy vs shame and doubt
what are the 3 characteristics of the autonomy vs shame & doubt stage of Erikson’s theory of development that occurs in toddlers?
- independence
- negativism
-ritualism
which piaget theory of learning occurs around age 2 (toddlers)?
preoperational
what are some examples of telegraphic speech that occurs in toddlers?
- cat sit
- more cookie
- mommy sleep
what type of play occurs in toddlers?
parallel play (observe others and engage in play nearby)
- don’t like sharing
are temper tantrums an age appropriate behavior for toddlers?
yes
- occur due ti frustration w/restriction on their independance
what behavior trait may occur during times of high stress?
regression
(begin wetting the bed during hospitalization)
what type of deficiency is common in toddlers?
iron deficiency
(due to picky eating and weaning from formula)
- cows milk is poor replacement due to low iron content
what are food jags?
preferring certain foods for time period and then not wanting them at all for a period following
at what age should all baby teeth be present?
30 months
who should be contacted prior to implementing any intervention following a child swallowing a toxin?
poison control
what organ system change promotes potty training in toddlers?
myelination of brain and spinal cord, allowing sphincter control
what do the eustachian tubes of a toddler do?
shorten and straighten
what is the average UOP (urine output) for a toddler?
1 mL/kg/hr
why are toddlers at an increased risk for UTI?
short urethras
what gives toddlers the characteristic stance (swayback and potbelly)?
weak lower back and abdominal muscles
what is an age appropriate behavior seen in toddlers as a result of frustration caused by restrictions on their independence?
temper tantrums
what aggressive behaviors are expected are expected for toddlers?
push, hitting, biting, and taking other childrens toys
