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Childrens-Redman > Exam 1 Blueprint > Flashcards

Exam 1 Blueprint Flashcards

1
Q

what is expected of an infants weight by 5 months?

A

birth weight doubles

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2
Q

what is expected of an infants weight by 12 months?

A

birth weight triples

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3
Q

how much should an infants birth height increase by 12 months?

A

birth weight increases by 50% at 12 months

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4
Q

what is an expected increase for HC (head circumference) of an infant by 12 months?

A

10 cm increase

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5
Q

what is the recommended nutrition for infant in the first 6 months?

A

breastfeeding

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6
Q

what should be included in nutrition for a breastfeeding infant at 4 months?

A

iron supplement

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7
Q

what type of formula is recommended for bottle feeding infants?

A

iron fortified formula

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8
Q

how long should cows milk be avoided?

A

1st year of infants life

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9
Q

when should solids be introduced to an infant?

A

at 4-6 months

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10
Q

what order should solid foods be introduced to an infant?

A
  1. iron fortified cereal
  2. veggies
  3. fruit
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11
Q

how often should new foods be introduced to an infant?

A

every 3-5 days

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12
Q

Are infants nearsighted or farsighted?

A

nearsighted and their eyes wander

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13
Q

what do infants prefer visually?

A

prefer contrasting colors at first and then have full color by 7 months

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14
Q

what is expected of the hearing development of an infant?

A

intact at birth

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15
Q

what sensory development of smell/taste are expected of an infant?

A

they can differentiate the smell and taste of breast milk and prefer sweet taste

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16
Q

what do infants prefer to touch?

A

objects with soft sensations

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17
Q

what can an infant detect through the touch of a caregiver?

A

the caregiver’s mood

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18
Q

which the ericksons stage of development occurs during infancy?

A

trust vs mistrust

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19
Q

what is the trust vs mistrust stage based on?

A

based on the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship and care received

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20
Q

what reflexes are expected in an infant?

A
  • sucking
  • rooting (turning head to find nipple)
  • palmar and plantar grasp
  • moro
  • tonic-neck (fencing)
  • babinski
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21
Q

what is the moro reflex?

A

startle reflex
- arms go in air with palms up

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22
Q

what is the tonic-neck reflex?

A

fencing reflex
- head turned to one side and the arm on the same side will go straight out as the opposite one will bend at the elbow

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23
Q

what is the Babinski sign?

A
  • normal in infant; bottom of foot is stroked and big toe dorsiflexes as the other toes fan out
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24
Q

what age is cooing expected?

A

3 months

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25
Q

what age is babbling expected?

A

6 months

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26
Q

what language development is expected by 12 months?

A

3-5 words

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27
Q

what gross motor milestone is expected by 4 months?

A

rolls from back to side
- head control

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28
Q

when is rolling from back to front expected?

A

6 months

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29
Q

when is expected for a child to sit unsupported and creep on hands and knees?

A

9 months

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30
Q

what gross motor milestone is expected by 12 months?

A
  • sit down from standing
  • walks with one hand hold or alone
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31
Q

what fine motor milestone is expected by 4 months?

A

grasps objects with both hands

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32
Q

when is it expected for an infant to be able to hold a bottle?

A

6 months

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33
Q

when should the crude pincer grasp be expected of an infant?

A

9 months

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34
Q

what fine motor skills should be seen at 12 months?

A
  • attempt 2-block tower
  • turns pages in a book
  • feed self w/cup/spoon
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35
Q

when does object permanence develop?

A

by 8 months

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35
Q

what is the Piaget separation major task in infants?

A
  • learn to seperate themselves from other objects in the environment
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36
Q

what is object permanence?

A

objects leaves the visual field but still exists

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36
Q

what is piaget’s sensorimotor mental representation?

A

ability to visualize things that are not physically present

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37
Q

what are some age appropriate activities for infants?

A

-bright-colored tools
- balls and blocks
- books (read to them)
- rattles/mobiles/mirrors
- pat-a-cake

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38
Q

what type of play is best expected for an infant?

A

solitary play

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39
Q

at what age may an infant show signs of social anxiety?

A

around 8 months

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40
Q

what is expected of HR in an infant?

A

decreases w/age

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41
Q

what should RR do as newborn ages?

A

decreases w/age

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42
Q

what is expected of the BP of a newborn?

A

increases w/age

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43
Q

how many teeth are expected by 12 months?

A

6-8 teeths

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44
Q

what atraumatic care tactics can be implemented for an infant?

A
  • soothing music
  • therapeutic hugging
  • calming voice
  • including parent in care
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45
Q

what are 4 potential organ system complications that infants are more susceptible to?

A
  • heat loss
  • dehydration
  • URI
  • F/E imbalances
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46
Q

what type of play is seen in toddlers?

A

parallel play
- toddlers are egocentric and they don’t like to share

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47
Q

what are age-appropriate activities for a toddler?

A
  • filling empty containers
  • balls and blocks
  • books
  • finger paints
  • thick crayons
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48
Q

which Ericksons theory is seen in toddlers?

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

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49
Q

what are the 4 components of ericksons autonomy vs shame and doubt theory that is seen in toddlers?

A
  • independence
  • ritualism
  • negativism
  • egocentrism
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50
Q

what is negativism?

A

component of autonomy vs shame & doubt where toddler uses “no” as a way to express independence

51
Q

what is egocentrism (toddlers)?

A

unable to see things from other’s perspectives

52
Q

Describe symbolic thought

A

can make mental representation of objects in the world around them (broom=horse)

53
Q

which piaget cognitive development component is characterized by toddlers imitating observed activities?

  • start playing make belief
A

domestic mimicry

54
Q

what is expected of the attention span of a toddler?

A

limited attention span

55
Q

how long should toddlers remain in a rear-facing car seat with harness straps and clip?

A

until age 2

56
Q

what car safety consideration should be implemented after age 2?

A

forward-facing seat but in the rear seat of car

57
Q

If a rear seat is unavailable for a toddler/infant to ride in a car, what is an essential precaution?

A

air bag must be disabled

58
Q

what age group is known for picky eating?

A

toddlers

59
Q

what are foods jags?
what age are these seen in?

A
  • prefers certain foods for a set time period
  • toddlers
60
Q

what may a toddler desire who is expressing ritualism with eating?

A

insists on same dish, cup, spoon, etc

61
Q

why should bottles and no-spill cups be weaned by 15 months?

A

prevent dental caries

62
Q

at what age should myelination of the brain and spinal cord be complete?

A

2-3 years

63
Q

what happens to the eustachian tube in toddlers as compared to infants?

A

they shorten and straighten

64
Q

what is an average urine output for toddlers?

A

1ml/kg/hr

65
Q

what increases the risk of UTI in toddlers?

A

shorter urethra

66
Q

what stance is expected in toddlers?

A

swayback w/potbelly due to weak abdominal and lower back muscles

67
Q

which organ system development makes toilet training an age-appropriate behavior for toddlers?

A

myelination of CNS during this age allows control of urinary sphincters

68
Q

what are 4 expected behaviors for a toddler?

A
  • temper tantrums
  • aggressive behaviors
  • toilet training
  • transitional objects
69
Q

what word describes the social characteristic of toddlers is characterized by them reverting back to earlier stages during times of stress?

A

regression

70
Q

what are 2 common fears in toddlers?

A

strangers and the dark

71
Q

what age group may telegraphic speech be seen in?
give an example

A

toddlers
-“more juice”

72
Q

how many words are expected by 2 yrs old?

A

50-300 words

73
Q

what refers to the repetition of the words that others say, a trait seen in the language development of toddlers?

A

echolalia

74
Q

which piaget stage is expected by 2 yrs?

A

preoperational

  • toddler stage begins with sensorimotor and transitions to preoperational
75
Q

when may separation anxiety reemerge in a toddler?

A

18-24 months

76
Q

what atraumatic care approaches should the nurse use for a toddler?

A
  • facilitate independence
  • offer choices
  • encourage caregivers in routine care
  • engage in parallel play
77
Q

what occurs to the number of alveoli for preschool age children?

A

increase in number

78
Q

is a heart murmur normal or unexpected in preschoolers?

A

this is often a non-pathologic heart murmur that is expected

79
Q

when do preschoolers first begin losing baby teeth?

A

5-6 yr old

80
Q

what age group are these gross motor milestones expected in?
- very agile
- walk up and down stairs
- run, hop and skip
- ride tricycle

A

preschool age (3-6 yr)

81
Q

when should children be able to grasp utensils and crayons with similar dexterity to an adult?

A

3 -6 yr (preschool)

82
Q

what age should a child be able to copy a circle?

A

3 -6 yr

83
Q

is it expected that preschoolers feed themselves?

A

yes

84
Q

what age is it expected that children start using scissors, tying shoes, write first name and button shirts?

A

3 -6 yr (preschool)

85
Q

what weight is expected in 5 yr olds?

A

41 lbs

86
Q

what nutritional guidance should be provided for preschoolers/family?

A

obesity prevention

87
Q

which Erikson’s stage is seen in preschoolers (3-6 yr)?

A

Initiative vs Guilt

88
Q

why may guilt occur in preschoolers (ericksons)?

A

environment represses initiation through criticism and control

89
Q

which portion of Ericksons stage during 3-6 yr is developed by child exploring, making decisions and initiating activities?

A

initiative

90
Q

what 4 tasks are seen in Piaget’s preoperational stage (preschoolers)?

TAMI

A
  • time
  • animism
  • magical thinking
  • imaginary friends
91
Q

describe magical thinking (preschoolers

A

believe thoughts are all powerful

92
Q

what type of play is expected in preschoolers?

A

associative

93
Q

what fears are common in preschoolers?

A
  • procedures (body mutilation)
  • hospitalizations
  • dark
94
Q

what scenarios cause regression in preschoolers?

A

during stress, insecurity, or illness

95
Q

why are nightmares common in preschoolers?

A

vivid imagination

96
Q

how often should preschoolers go to the dentist?

A

Q 6 months

97
Q

what is a safety concern of the dental care of preschoolers?

A

trauma is common

98
Q

what is expected of napping in preschoolers?

A

naps are infrequent

99
Q

how many words are expected in preschoolers?

A

2000 words

100
Q

what type of sentence structure is expected in preschoolers?

A

5 -word

101
Q

why may preschoolers have difficulty with some consonants?

A

rushing their speech

102
Q

which Erikson’s theory is seen in school age children?

A

industry vs inferiority

103
Q

what are the characteristics of the industry portion of eriksons model?

A

development of skills and knowledge that allows child to provide meaningful contributions to society and to feel capable and competent

104
Q

what may develop in a child if they feel they are not competent or that they do not have skills to contribute?

A

inferiority

105
Q

which piaget stage is expected in school-age children?

A

concrete operations

106
Q

what age should children be able to classify and sort objects?

A

school age (6-12)

107
Q

what age does Piaget’s principle of conservation present itself?

A

6-12 (school age)

108
Q

what typeof play is expected in school age children?

A

cooperative play

109
Q

when should children begin to understand double meanings, allowing them to understand jokes/riddles?

A

school age (6-12)

110
Q

what hormone stimulates the release of FSH and LH in adolescents?

A

GnRH

111
Q

what does the secretion of LH lead to?
in females and males

A

ovulation in females
testosterone production in males

112
Q

when does menarche generally occur?

A

9 - 15 years

113
Q

what is the leading cause of death in adolescents?

A

unintentional injuries

114
Q

what is the leading cause of injury in adolescents?

A

MVA (motor vehicle accidents)

115
Q

what generally causes poisoning injury deaths in adolescents?

A

opioid overdose

116
Q

what type of death cause is increasing in 15-19 yr olds?

A

firearm deaths

117
Q

what is the second leading cause of death in adolescents?

A

suicide

118
Q

why should we monitor adolescents for changes in mood and self-harm?

A

suicide risk

119
Q

which piaget stage is expected during the adolescent age group?

A

formal operations

120
Q

what age group should abstract thinking develop in?

A

adolescent

121
Q

which Erickson’s theory develops during adolescence?

A

identity vs role confusion

122
Q

what 2 eating disorders are common in adolescents?

A
  • anorexia
  • bulimia
123
Q

what are the daily calorie needs for an adolescent?

A

2000 calories

124
Q

what are 4 age appropriate activities for the adolescent age group?

A
  • peer interactions
  • reading
  • music
  • part-time job/driving
125
Q

when may the wisdom teeth erupt?

A

17-20 yrs

126
Q
A

Childrens-Redman (4 decks)

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