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PTH 509 Pharm > Final exam new stuff > Flashcards

Final exam new stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A

A
  • fat soluble

- for night vision

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2
Q

Vitamin D

A
  • fat sol
  • regulates calcium and phosphate.
  • via UV light/milk
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3
Q

Vitamin E

A
  • fat sol

- fights free radicals

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4
Q

Vitamin K

A
  • fat sol

- involved in blood clotting

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5
Q

Vitamin C

A
  • water sol
  • antioxidant properties
  • citrus fruit
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6
Q

Niacin

A
  • water sol
  • dec high cholesterol
  • deficiency = pellagra (rough skin)
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7
Q

Riboflavin

A
  • water sol
  • energy and cell maintenance and repair
  • no toxicity. used in migraines
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8
Q

thiamin (B1)

A
  • water sol

- carb metabolism. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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9
Q

Pyridoxine (B6)

A
  • water sol
  • metabolism of sugar, fat, protein
  • interacts with levodapa. important in athletes
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10
Q

Cyanocobalamin (B12) and folic acid

A
  • water sol
  • synthesis DNA and RBCs

-folic acid important in pregnant women

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11
Q

Sibutramine

A
  • for obesity

- dec appetite by blocking serotonin and NE reuptake

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12
Q

Orlistat

A

-stops breakdown of fats

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13
Q

Hydroxycitric acid

A

-blocks conversion of carbs to fats

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14
Q

-Gugulipid

A
  • dec LDL cholestrol

* ** never take with cholesterol lowering drugs

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15
Q

Chromium

A

-mineral that regulates blood sugar and insulin

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16
Q

Glucosamine

A
  • supplement
  • “arthritis cure”
  • stim cartilage cells
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17
Q

Ephedrine

A
  • CNS stim
  • decongestant
  • used for weight loss
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18
Q

Echinacea

A
  • herbs

- for immune function

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19
Q

Ginko

A
  • herb

- for memory, concentration, ED

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20
Q

St. John’s Wart

A
  • herb

- relieves depression by dec uptake of NT and block MAO

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21
Q

Stacking a drug

A

-taking 2 or more

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22
Q

Pyramiding a drug

A
  • start with a low dose,
  • high dose
  • low dose
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23
Q

Spasticity vs spasm

A

spasticity = exaggerated muscle stretch reflex

spasm = increased tension after injury

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24
Q

Baclofen

A

for muscle spasms

  • central acting
  • inhibit motor neuron activity in spinal cord
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25
Q

Diazepam

A

for muscle spasms

  • central acting
  • increases GABA inhibition
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26
Q

Dantrolene

A
  • -spasticity
  • direct acting
  • side effect = generalized weakness
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27
Q

Halothane

A
  • anesthetic

- widely used in kids

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28
Q

Isoflurane

A
  • anesthetic

- most widely used inhalation anesthetic

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29
Q

Nitrous oxide

A
  • anesthetic
  • gas
  • cannot produce surgical anesthesia
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30
Q

Short acting barbiturates (thiopental)

A

IV anesthetic

-induction of anesthesia

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31
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

IV anesthetic

-produce unconsciousness and amnesia

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32
Q

Katamine

A

IV anesthetic

-causes dissociate anesthesia

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33
Q

Local anesthetics specifically block what channels

A

Sodium

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34
Q

Anesthetics are frequently used with vasoconstrictors (epi) to do what?

A
  • decrease blood flow
  • delay systemic absorption

(prolong effects, reduce risk of toxicity)

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35
Q

Procaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • Ester type
  • injected
  • given with epi
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36
Q

Lidocaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • amide type
  • topical or injected
  • combine with epi
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37
Q

Cocaine

A
  • local anesthetic
  • ester type
  • DO NOT give with epi
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38
Q

Ortreotide

A

a growth hormone inhibiting hormone

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39
Q

Levothyroxin sodium

A
  • used to treat hypothyroidism

- drug of choice for replacement therapy

40
Q

Drug of choice for osteoporosis

A

Calcitonin

41
Q

Anadrol and oxandrin are what type of steroid

A

oral

42
Q

durabolin and depo-testosterone are what type of steroid

A

injectable

43
Q

Health consequences of steroids

A

reduced sperm production, more body hair, gynecomastia, etc

44
Q

Stanozolol

A

anabolic steroid commonly abused

45
Q

Flutamide

A

for prostate cancer

46
Q

Sildenafil

A

-ED (viagra)

47
Q

Clomiphene

A
  • anti-estrogen

- treat infertility

48
Q

Tamoxifen

A

anti-estrogen

-treat breast cancer

49
Q

Type 1 vs type II diabetes

A

Type 1 = do not produce insulin

Type II = body does not respond normally to insulin

50
Q

Short, intermediate, and long acting insulin

A

Short = regular

Intermediate = NPH and Lente

Long = Ultralente and Lantus

51
Q

Intermediate and long acting insulin mimic what?

A

24 hour basal insulin secretion

52
Q

short acting insulin mimics what?

A

food stim insulin

53
Q

Sulfonylureas

A
  • not for type I DM

- increase insulin release from pancreas

54
Q

Biguanides

A
  • not for type I diabetes

- reduces insulin resistance

55
Q

Acarbose

A

-modulates digestion and absorption of starch and sugar

56
Q

How does a virus work?

A

it needs the cell’s machinery to survive

57
Q

Replication of a virus peaks before what?

A

-clinical symptoms

58
Q

Oseltamivir

A
  • tamiflu

- shortens illness a few days if given within 48 hours

59
Q

Acyclovir

A

-inhibits viral DNA polymerase enzyme needed for replication

60
Q

Ribavirin

A

-interferes with viral RNA synthesis

61
Q

What do interferons do?

A

warn other cells of infection

62
Q

Zidovudine or AZT

A
  • HIV treatment
  • inhib reverse transcriptase
  • terminates the DNA chain
63
Q

Didanosine or DDI

A
  • HIV treatment

- reverse transcriptase inhibitor

64
Q

Fluconazole

A

-inhibits fungal P450 necessary for ergosterol synthesis

65
Q

Tolnaftate

A

“tough acting tinactin”

  • inhibits ergosterol synthesis
  • athletes foot
  • topical
66
Q

Terbinafine

A
  • oral
  • inhibits ergosterol synthesis
  • nail infections
67
Q

Amphotericin B

A
  • drug of choice for systemic fungal infection

- binds to ergosterol

68
Q

Ketoconazole

A

for infections of lungs, bone, skin, and soft tissue

-antagonistic with amphotericin B

69
Q

Bacteria works by?

A
  • using the host cell for nutrients

- it has its own basic organs

70
Q

What is intrinsic resistance?

A

-bacterium has its own pumps that pump the drugs out when they enter

71
Q

What is mutation resistance?

A

-random mutations make the drug resistant

72
Q

What is plasmid mediated resistance?

A

-plasmids can be transferred to other microbes

73
Q

Penicillins

A

inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

74
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • drug of choice for UTI

- same mech as penicillin

75
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • used for serious infections and those allergic to penicillin
  • for staph (gram + only?)
76
Q

Bacitracin

A
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis

- topically to treat infection in skin

77
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • inhibit protein synthesis

- tissue and wound infections

78
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • can be pumped out if resistant
  • used to be a broad spectrum. now things are resistant
  • acne
79
Q

Quinolones

A

inhibit bacterial DNA/RNA synth

-inhibit twisting

80
Q

Rifampin

A

inhibit bacterial DNA/RNA synth

-binds polymerase-enzyme responsible for making RNA

81
Q

Sulfonamides

A

inhibit bacterial DNA/RNA synth

-disrupt folic acid synthesis

82
Q

Ioniazid

A

TB treatment

83
Q

Dapsone

A

Leprosy treatment

84
Q

Metronidazole

A
  • treat protozoans

- inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

85
Q

Mebendazole

A
  • treat roundworms
  • drug of choice for many intestinal roundworms
  • impairs glucose
86
Q

Praziquantal

A
  • treats flukes

- increases permeability of cell membrane

87
Q

Niclosamide

A

Drug of choice for tapeworm

-inhibit glucose uptake

88
Q

Chloroquine

A
  • selective to parasite and kills by pH mech

- malaria

89
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

-most widely used alkylating agent for cancer chemotherapy

90
Q

Methotrexate

A
  • folate analog

- cancer stuff

91
Q

Flurouracil

A
  • pyrimidine analog

- cancer stuff

92
Q

Mercaptopurine

A
  • purine analog

- cancer stuff

93
Q

Vincristine

A
  • cancer stuff

- alkaloids bind microtubules

94
Q

Doxorubicin

A
  • cancer stuff
  • antibiotic
  • prevent DNA/RNA synth
95
Q

Prednisone -cancer stuff

A

suppresses RNA synth

96
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

for gonorrhea

PTH 509 Pharm (7 decks)

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