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Wound Care > Final Exam: Modalities > Flashcards

Final Exam: Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Whirlpool is a type of _____ modality

A

hydrotherapy

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2
Q

What are the 7 effects of whirlpool on wounds

A 
Cleanses wound
mechanical debridement
softens hard eschar
non-selective 
hydrates wound
thermal effect
neuronal effects
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3
Q

What are the 4 indications for using whirlpool for a wound

A

dirty wound
loosely adherent necrotic tissue
exudate
extensive psoriasis or burns

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4
Q

7 Contraindications of using whirlpool on a wound

A 
health granulation tissue
Cardiovascular or pulmonary compromise
Plebitis, renal failure
Temperatured
Lethargic
Venous ulcer/position
Arterial insufficiency
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5
Q

What are the 4 effects of pulsatile lavage with suction

A

cleansings
debridement
suction with negative pressure
positive impact pressure

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6
Q

What are the 3 indications of using pulsatile lavage with suction on a wound

A

if there’s an infection
to remove debris
need something portable

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7
Q

What are the 2 contraindications of pulsatile lavage with suction

A

is not a sterile process

not going to work with yellow adherent eschar

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8
Q

When should a clinician should stop using pulsatile lavage with suction

A

If there is no increase in granulation tissue after 1 week or if there’s no decrease in necrotic tissue after 1 week

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9
Q

What is the pressure of pulsatile lavage

A

14-15psi

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10
Q

Ultrasound has mechanical vibration transmitted greater than _____ kHz

A

20

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11
Q

Low frequency ultrasound should be used as an adjunct to _____ soft tissue

A

necrotic

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12
Q

High frequency ultrasound should be used as an adjunct to higher pressure ____ injuries

A

infected

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13
Q

Which phase of healing should ultrasound be done in

A

The acute inflammatory phase

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14
Q

What are the three effects of ultrasound

A

thermal
cavitation bubbles
acoustic streaming

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15
Q

Why do cavitation bubbles appear with ultrasound

A

They occur when there is a sudden drop in pressure

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16
Q

What are the 4 acoustic streaming effects of ultrasound

A

increases circulation
alters cell membrane
promotes angiogenesis
may accelerate inflammatory phase

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17
Q

What are the indications for ultrasound

A

chronic diabetic foot ulcers
pressure ulcers
absence of inflammatory phase

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18
Q

What are the contraindications of using ultrasound on a wound

A 
pregnancy
malignancy
vascular abnormalities
DVT
Emboli
acute wound infections
fractures
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19
Q

What is negative pressure wound therapy

A

an open cell foam dressing in wound cavity and applying controlled sub atmospheric pressure 125mm Hg below ambient pressure

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20
Q

What are the 6 effects of negative pressure wound therapy

A 
increases vascular perfusion
removes excess fluid
decreases bacterial colonization
increases rate of granulation
enhances epithelial migration
increases flap survival
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21
Q

What are the indications of negative pressure wound therapy

A

stage 3 or 4 pressure injuries
venous, arterial, neuropathic
burns, dehisced incisions

22
Q

What are the contraindications of negative pressure wound therapy

A

necrotic tissue
untreated osteomyelitis
fistulas to organs or body cavities

23
Q

What are the two foams used for negative pressure therapy and when do you use them

A

Black polyurethane for deep, burns, flaps-hydrophobic

White is soft and used for superficial and tunneling-hydrophilic

24
Q

What is the protocol of using negative pressure therapy

A

Irrigate and debride wound with each dressing change

cut foam to fit wound

25
Q

When using electrical stimulation, the current is transferred through a (dry/wet) pad in contact

A

wet

26
Q

an anode is the (positive/negative) pole

A

positive

27
Q

a cathode is the (positive/negative) pole

A

negative

28
Q

what is another name for direct current

A

galvanic

29
Q

How does ES facilitate wound healing

A 
restores current
causes galvanotaxis
increases BF
reduces edema
facilitates debridement
30
Q

What is the normal skin battery potention

A

outside of skin is negative and inside is positive

31
Q

What is the skin battery potential when there is injur

A

outside of skin is positive and insides of skin is negative

32
Q

in regards to the galvanotaxic effects of ES to wounds, which cells are attracted to the cathode

A

neutrophils, fibroblasts, epithelial cells

33
Q

in regards to the galvanotaxic effects of ES to wounds, which cell is attracted to the anode

A

macrophages

34
Q

in regards to the galvanotaxic effects of ES to wounds, which cell is repelled by the anode

A

mast cells

35
Q

What are the anibacterial effects of ES on a wound

A

inhibition of pseudomonas, staph aureus, E. Coli, and staph epidermis

36
Q

What are the four indications of using ES for wounds

A

pressure ulcers
vascular ulcers
surgical wounds
neuropathic wounds

37
Q

What are the contraindications of using ES for wounds

A

basil or squamous carcinoma and untreated osteomyelitis

38
Q

are bipolar techniques with ES better for superficial/partial wounds or deep/full thickness wounds

A

superficial

39
Q

What is the treatment during which a patient inside a chamber breathes 1–% intermittently, at a pressure higher than sea level pressure

A

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

40
Q

For normal healing to occur, what must the tissue partial pressure of oxygen must be

A

greater than 40 mmHg

41
Q

What is the purpose of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A 
increases o2 gradient
reduced bacterial growth
reduce edema
limits risk of reperfusion injury
enhances a bunch of other shit
42
Q

What are the indications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A

chronic or slow healing wounds like a diabetic foot ulcer
decompression sickness
carbon monoxide poisoning

43
Q

what are some pulmonary adverse effects of oxygen under pressure

A

coughing and bronchial irritation

44
Q

what are some ocular adverse effects oxygen under pressure

A

retinal damage
myopia
nuclear cataracts

45
Q

What are some CNS adverse effects of oxygen under pressure

A 
visual changes
tinnitus
nausea
twitching
irritability
dizziness
seizure
46
Q

what are some advantages of hyperbaric oxygen

A

non invasive test available to predict efficacy

47
Q

what are some disadvantages of hyperbaric oxygen

A

expensive and takes a lot of time

48
Q

what is the treatment protocol for hyperbaric oxygen

A

daily for 90 to 120 minutes

20-35 treatments with combination therapy

49
Q

is topical oxygen considered hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A

no

50
Q

is topical oxygen a systemic treatment

A

no

51
Q

with topical oxygen, affected limb is placed in an ____ box that is filled with oxygen

A

acrylic

Wound Care (8 decks)

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