Final Exam: Modalities

Question 1

Whirlpool is a type of _____ modality

Answer 1

hydrotherapy

Question 2

What are the 7 effects of whirlpool on wounds

Answer 2

Cleanses wound
mechanical debridement
softens hard eschar
non-selective 
hydrates wound
thermal effect
neuronal effects

Question 3

What are the 4 indications for using whirlpool for a wound

Answer 3

dirty wound
loosely adherent necrotic tissue
exudate
extensive psoriasis or burns

Question 4

7 Contraindications of using whirlpool on a wound

Answer 4

health granulation tissue
Cardiovascular or pulmonary compromise
Plebitis, renal failure
Temperatured
Lethargic
Venous ulcer/position
Arterial insufficiency

Question 5

What are the 4 effects of pulsatile lavage with suction

Answer 5

cleansings
debridement
suction with negative pressure
positive impact pressure

Question 6

What are the 3 indications of using pulsatile lavage with suction on a wound

Answer 6

if there’s an infection
to remove debris
need something portable

Question 7

What are the 2 contraindications of pulsatile lavage with suction

Answer 7

is not a sterile process

not going to work with yellow adherent eschar

Question 8

When should a clinician should stop using pulsatile lavage with suction

Answer 8

If there is no increase in granulation tissue after 1 week or if there’s no decrease in necrotic tissue after 1 week

Question 9

What is the pressure of pulsatile lavage

Answer 9

14-15psi

Question 10

Ultrasound has mechanical vibration transmitted greater than _____ kHz

Answer 10

20

Question 11

Low frequency ultrasound should be used as an adjunct to _____ soft tissue

Answer 11

necrotic

Question 12

High frequency ultrasound should be used as an adjunct to higher pressure ____ injuries

Answer 12

infected

Question 13

Which phase of healing should ultrasound be done in

Answer 13

The acute inflammatory phase

Question 14

What are the three effects of ultrasound

Answer 14

thermal
cavitation bubbles
acoustic streaming

Question 15

Why do cavitation bubbles appear with ultrasound

Answer 15

They occur when there is a sudden drop in pressure

Question 16

What are the 4 acoustic streaming effects of ultrasound

Answer 16

increases circulation
alters cell membrane
promotes angiogenesis
may accelerate inflammatory phase

Question 17

What are the indications for ultrasound

Answer 17

chronic diabetic foot ulcers
pressure ulcers
absence of inflammatory phase

Question 18

What are the contraindications of using ultrasound on a wound

Answer 18

pregnancy
malignancy
vascular abnormalities
DVT
Emboli
acute wound infections
fractures

Question 19

What is negative pressure wound therapy

Answer 19

an open cell foam dressing in wound cavity and applying controlled sub atmospheric pressure 125mm Hg below ambient pressure

Question 20

What are the 6 effects of negative pressure wound therapy

Answer 20

increases vascular perfusion
removes excess fluid
decreases bacterial colonization
increases rate of granulation
enhances epithelial migration
increases flap survival

Question 21

What are the indications of negative pressure wound therapy

Answer 21

stage 3 or 4 pressure injuries
venous, arterial, neuropathic
burns, dehisced incisions

Question 22

What are the contraindications of negative pressure wound therapy

Answer 22

necrotic tissue
untreated osteomyelitis
fistulas to organs or body cavities

Question 23

What are the two foams used for negative pressure therapy and when do you use them

Answer 23

Black polyurethane for deep, burns, flaps-hydrophobic

White is soft and used for superficial and tunneling-hydrophilic

Question 24

What is the protocol of using negative pressure therapy

Answer 24

Irrigate and debride wound with each dressing change

cut foam to fit wound

Question 25

When using electrical stimulation, the current is transferred through a (dry/wet) pad in contact

Answer 25

wet

Question 26

an anode is the (positive/negative) pole

Answer 26

positive

Question 27

a cathode is the (positive/negative) pole

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

what is another name for direct current

Answer 28

galvanic

Question 29

How does ES facilitate wound healing

Answer 29

``` restores current causes galvanotaxis increases BF reduces edema facilitates debridement ```

Question 30

What is the normal skin battery potention

Answer 30

outside of skin is negative and inside is positive

Question 31

What is the skin battery potential when there is injur

Answer 31

outside of skin is positive and insides of skin is negative

Question 32

in regards to the galvanotaxic effects of ES to wounds, which cells are attracted to the cathode

Answer 32

neutrophils, fibroblasts, epithelial cells

Question 33

in regards to the galvanotaxic effects of ES to wounds, which cell is attracted to the anode

Answer 33

macrophages

Question 34

in regards to the galvanotaxic effects of ES to wounds, which cell is repelled by the anode

Answer 34

mast cells

Question 35

What are the anibacterial effects of ES on a wound

Answer 35

inhibition of pseudomonas, staph aureus, E. Coli, and staph epidermis

Question 36

What are the four indications of using ES for wounds

Answer 36

pressure ulcers vascular ulcers surgical wounds neuropathic wounds

Question 37

What are the contraindications of using ES for wounds

Answer 37

basil or squamous carcinoma and untreated osteomyelitis

Question 38

are bipolar techniques with ES better for superficial/partial wounds or deep/full thickness wounds

Answer 38

superficial

Question 39

What is the treatment during which a patient inside a chamber breathes 1--% intermittently, at a pressure higher than sea level pressure

Answer 39

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Question 40

For normal healing to occur, what must the tissue partial pressure of oxygen must be

Answer 40

greater than 40 mmHg

Question 41

What is the purpose of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Answer 41

``` increases o2 gradient reduced bacterial growth reduce edema limits risk of reperfusion injury enhances a bunch of other shit ```

Question 42

What are the indications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Answer 42

chronic or slow healing wounds like a diabetic foot ulcer decompression sickness carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 43

what are some pulmonary adverse effects of oxygen under pressure

Answer 43

coughing and bronchial irritation

Question 44

what are some ocular adverse effects oxygen under pressure

Answer 44

retinal damage myopia nuclear cataracts

Question 45

What are some CNS adverse effects of oxygen under pressure

Answer 45

``` visual changes tinnitus nausea twitching irritability dizziness seizure ```

Question 46

what are some advantages of hyperbaric oxygen

Answer 46

non invasive test available to predict efficacy

Question 47

what are some disadvantages of hyperbaric oxygen

Answer 47

expensive and takes a lot of time

Question 48

what is the treatment protocol for hyperbaric oxygen

Answer 48

daily for 90 to 120 minutes | 20-35 treatments with combination therapy

Question 49

is topical oxygen considered hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Answer 49

no

Question 50

is topical oxygen a systemic treatment

Answer 50

no

Question 51

with topical oxygen, affected limb is placed in an ____ box that is filled with oxygen

Answer 51

acrylic