Exam 4: Management of Exudate Flashcards
Acute wounds have exudate for the first ___ - ___ hours
48-72
In chronic wounds, increase exudate is a response to the _____ process
inflammatory
In (acute/chronic) wounds, increased exudate is a response to the inflammatory process
chronic
Infected wounds may have exudates that (thickens/thins) and becomes purulent
thickens
What are the 6 characteristics that exudate can be evaluated by
color consistency adherence distribution in the wound presence of odor amount of exudate present
What type of wound will have dry or scant serous (clear) exudate
arterial/ischemic wounds
What type of exudate would an arterial/ischemic wound have
dry or scant serous exudate
What type of wound will have minimal exudate and serous serosanguineous fluid
neuropathic wounds
What type of exudate would a neuropathic wound have
minimal exudate, serous serosanguineous fluid
What type of wound would be highly exudative and commonly develops LE edema
venous
What type of exudate does a venous wound have
a lot of exudate with common LE edema
What type of pressure injury would have serous or serosanguineous fluid or minimal to moderate exudate
Partial thickness wound
Describe what type of fluid/exudate would be found in a partial thickness wound
minimal to moderate exudate and serous or serosanguineous fluid
What type of pressure injury wound have have exudate similar to a partial thickness wound, but may become bloody as the wound heals
full thickness
Describe what type of fluid/exudate wound be found in a full thickness wound
similar to partial thickness, but as the wound heals the exudate may become bloody
What are the three categories of infection
- Bacterial contamination
- Bacterial colonization
- Critical colonization
Which category of infection is the presence of nonproliferating bacteria on the wound surface
bacterial contamination
Which category of infection is the presence of proliferating bacteria on the surface of the wound
bacterial colonization
Which category of infection is the presence of bacteria in stalled wounds in absence of typical signs and symptoms of inflammation
critical colonization
When does a bacterial infection occur?
After all three categories of an infection has occurred
____ infection is the presence of bacteria within viable tissue invading living tissue causes an immune response
bacterial
True or False:
Contamination means infection
false
When bacterial contamination is present there (is/is not) any visible injury to host and a (absent/present) inflammatory reponse
is not, absent
When bacterial colonization is present, there (is/is not) any visible injury to the host and a (absent/present) inflammatory response
is not; absent
In order to make sure a bacterial infection is present, a ____ must be done.
culture
If a local infection is present, it means the infection is ____
hidden
When critical colonization is present there (is/is not) any visible damage to the host and a (absent/present) inflammatory response
is (biofilm is present); absent inflammatory response
If a culture has greater than ________ organisms/bacteria per milliliters, an infection is present
100,000 or 10^5
If a culture has greater than 100,000 organisms/bacteria per milliliters, an _____ is present
infection
What two categories of infection require monitoring
contamination and colonization
Which two categories of infection require intervention
critical colonization and infection
Large acute wounds react (the same/differently) to bacterial burden than small chronic wounds
differently
(acute/chronic) wounds are more susceptible to bacterial invasion by skin flora
acute
acute wounds are more susceptible to bacterial invasion by ___ ___
skin flora
What is skin flora
stuff on the skin at all times
True or False:
wounds with a large amount of tissue loss are at greater risk of infection
true
True or False:
MRSA is a part of normal skin flora and can be found on the skin of healthy people
true
MRSA can be found on the skin of ___% to __% of healthy people
20 to 50
Which patients are at the highest risk for developing MRSA colonization or infection
patients with a history of IV drug use
Patients with prolonged stay in healthcare facilities
Patients admitted to intensive care
What does MRSA stand for
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
____ ________ is a major way of developing MRSA so we must follow all of the universal precautions
cross contamination
Like MRSA, ____ is a new type of bacteria
BRE
What are the characteristics to be looking for in a systemic infection
elevated temperature
elevated white blood count
confusion or agitation in older adults
red streaks from wound`
A ____ can cause confusion or agitation in an older adult, which is a systemic signs of infection
UTI
What are 3 local signs of infection specific to chronic wounds
Friable granulation tissue
wound breakdown
foul odor
What are three ways that quantitative wound cultures are done
tissue biopsy
needle aspiration
quantitative swab technique
Which type of wound culture involves the removal of a piece of tissue
tissue biopsy
Which type of wound culture involves the insertion of a needle into the tissue to aspirate fluid that contains organisms
needle aspiration
Which type of would culture involves the end of a sterile cotton tipped applicator being rotated in the wound for 5 seconds as pressure is applied to allow the swab to absorb wound fluid
quantitative swab technique
what are the two types of aseptic techniques
surgical/sterile and medical/clean
Which aseptic technique is used in surgery for all instruments and heath care workers involved with the process
surgical/sterile
Which aseptic technique is a procedure to reduce the number of pathogens and decrease the transfer of pathogens
medical/clean
Which type of health care setting should sterile techniques be used in
acute care hospitals and clinics in acute care facilities
Which type of healthcare setting should clean technique be used in
home care
long term facilities
community clinics
physician’s offices
What type of procedures should use sterile technique
invasive procedures and sharp debridement
what type of procedures should use clean technique
routine procedures
dressing changes
What type of patients should sterile technique be used with
immunocompromised
advanced age or very young age
diabetic
What type of patients should clean technique be used with
patients not at high risk for infection
_____ are chemicals that eliminate living organisms that are pathogenic to the host
antibacterials
neosporin and bacitracin are examples of _____
antibacterials
Routine use of antibacterials is strongly (encouraged/discouraged)
discouraged
_______ posses bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties
antispetics
What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic
bactericidal means kill off the bacteria and bacteriostatic stops the growth of bacteria
Someone at (higher/lower) risk of infection should antibacterials
higher
peroxide and propidine iodine are examples of ______
antiseptics
List different types of dressings that contain antiseptics
iodine, silver, honey, polyhexanide, superoxidized water
Charcoal is used for preventing wound ____, but not much else
odor
Why is honey used to manage exudate of an infection
because the sugar content produces an enzyme that makes hydrogen peroxide
polyhexanide is used for wounds that are in the ____ ______ stage
critical colonization
Superoxidized water is reactive with ___ and ____
chorine and oxygen
_____ is an organic chemical that has ability to kill or prevent growth of microorganisms like penicillin
antibiotic
_____ are agents that destroys or stops bacertial growth
antibacterial
_____ are agents that inhibit or kill fungi
antifungal
What are 4 cleaning methods of exudate/infection
soaking, whirlpool, scrubbing, and irrigation
whirlpool is not recommended for ____ wounds
clean
