Final Exam - Introduction to Cell Signaling and Hormones Flashcards
1
Q
What are receptors?
A
proteins that change in response to specific stimuli (internal or external)
2
Q
What is the role of second messengers?
A
to transfer and amplify signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses
3
Q
What is the most common outcome of signal transduction pathways?
A
increased enzyme activity
4
Q
What are the three stages of signal transduction?
A
- reception
- transduction
- response
5
Q
How can responses to stimuli occur?
A
- transcriptional regulation
- post-translational modification
6
Q
What are hormones?
A
- chemical signals that modify or control one or more specific physiological processes
- help coordinate growth, development, and responses to stimuli
7
Q
What is abscisic acid?
A
-plant hormone produced in the roots in response to low soil water availability
8
Q
How does abscisic acid function?
A
- deactivates inward K+ channels of guard cells
- activates outward K+ channels, allowing K+ to move out and water to follow
- results in stomata closing to prevent water loss
