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final exam drugs to know Flashcards

1
Q

celecobix, rofecoxib, valdeloxib

A

cox 2 inhibitors
NSAIDS

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2
Q

ketorolac (Toradol)

A

most potent and most efficacious used as an adjunct to opioids when given parenterally

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3
Q

aspirin

A

irreversibly binds platelet aggregation - used in low doses after MI/CVA

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4
Q

ibuprofen

A

first non-asprin NSAID

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5
Q

naproxen

A

similar to ibuprofen in pain relief and side effects

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6
Q

indomethacin

A

NSAID
- useful for RA, JRA, ankylosing spondy, gout, OA of hips, and HO
- high incidence of dose related side effects

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7
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID
more potent than motrin and naproxen, but not as efficacious as ketorolac

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8
Q

acetaminophen

A

non anti-inflammatory
toxic to liver

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9
Q

DMARD drugs (5) for RA

A

hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, penicillamine

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10
Q

Enbrel and Remicade

A

TNF alpha inhibitors
often taken with methotrexate

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11
Q

visco-supplementation for OA

A

hyaluronan, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate

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12
Q

muscle relaxants/anti-spasm meds

A

diazepam, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol

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13
Q

polysynaptic inhibitors

A

anti-spasm - genera CNS relaxants
cyclobenzaprine and methocarbamol

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14
Q

drug categories used for seizures

A

barbiturates, benzos, carboxylic acids, hydantoins, iminostilbenes, 2nd generation anti-epilepsy drugs

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15
Q

phenobarbital

A

barbiturate used for grand mal seizures

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16
Q

benzos for seizures

A

diazepam - status epilepticus
clonazepam - absence or petit mal

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17
Q

carboxylic acid drug

A

valporic acid for partial seizures in adults and children

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18
Q

hydantoins drugs for seizures

A

phenytoin - focal onset and tonic clonic seizures
phenacemide - treats seizures that dont respond to other meds

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19
Q

iminostilbenese drugs (tricyclic)

A

carbamazapine - good for focal seizures

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20
Q

second generation anti-epilepsy drugs

A

gabapentin - slightly milder side effects
topiramate

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21
Q

parkinsons meds

A

dopamine precursors, anticholinergics, dopamine stimulators

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22
Q

dopamine precursors

A

levadopa - severe n/v, orthostatic hypotension
sinemet - use with levadopa

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23
Q

anticholinergic parkinson drug

A

benztropine
used to treat rigidity and tremor

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24
Q

dopamine stimulators

A

bromocriptine - used with levadopa or when levadopa becomes ineffective
selegiline - inhibits enzyme MAOB

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25
alzheimers meds
tacrine and donepezil caution with patients with bradycardia, hypotension, and asthma
26
anti-depressant drug categories
tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs and SNRIs
27
amitriptyline
tricyclic antidepressant blocks reuptake of amine NT into presynaptic membrane
28
SSRIs and SNRIs
fluoxetine (Prozac) - causes insomnia setraline (Zoloft) - fewer side effects
29
sedative hypnotic drugs
- benzos: alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium) - propranolol - busipirone (BuSpar) (Azapirone)
30
anti-psychotic drugs
traditional: haloperidol and chlorpromazine 2nd generation: clozapine and risperidone
31
neuro-stimulant drug
methylphenidate (ritalin) blocks reuptake of NE and increases dopamine
32
pencillins target and drugs
target bacteria cells walls amoxicillin, augmenten, imipenem, cilastatin, primaxin
33
cephalosporins
- different class but similar to penicillins - Cefazolin - used for UTIs and propjylaxis post surgery - second line of defense if pencillin fails
34
polymixins and targets and drugs
- target cell membrane inhibitors - vancomycin used for c-diff, staph, endocarditis - bacitracin used for STDs
35
bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors
- most bind to bacterial ribosomes - erythromycins: Azithromycin for ear and respiratory tract infections - tetracyclines: doxycycline for chlamydial and rickettsia and spirochetes - chlorampheinicol
36
bacterial RNA/DNA synthesis inhibitors
fluroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin used for UTIs
37
antiviral drugs
inhibit the DNA polymerase enzyme - acyclovir: treats herpes - zidovudine (Retrovir or AZT): treats AIDS - saquinavir mesylate: treats AIDS - Remdesivir: treats COVID
38
antifungals and antiprotozoals
amphotericin B useful for Candida and Cryptococcus
39
alkylating agents drugs
Cyclophosphamide and Oxaliplatin
40
alkylating agents MOA
- cytotoxicity results from directly damaging DNA - cause cell death through transfer of their alkyl groups to various cellular constituents - may cause inhibition of DNA replication and transcriptions, mispairing of DNA, or DNA strand breakage - work in all phases of cell cycle
41
alkylating agents dose limiting effect
myelosuppression
42
alkylating agents other side effects
nausea, vomiting, alopecia, infertility, leukemia
43
cyclophosphamide
- widely used nitrogen mustard agent - part of conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant - can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis
44
oxaliplatin
platinum analog
45
oxaliplatin side effects
- neurologic complications - peripheral neuropathy - patients may benefit from calcium glutamate and magnesium sulphate given before and after administration
46
antimetabolite drugs
methotrexate, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil
47
antimetabolite MOA
- exert damage by incorporating directly into DNA or RNA - compete for binding sites on enzymes - inhibit cell growth and proliferation in S phase of cell cycle
48
methotrexate
results in deletion of folate
49
methotrexate side effects
- mucositis, acute renal failure, myelosuppression, GI toxicity, neurotoxicity - neurotoxicity may manifest as aseptic meningitis
50
leucovorin
- required with high dose methotrexate to limit toxicity to normal tissue - helps restore folate required for DNA/RNA synthesis
51
5-fluorouracil
- interferes with DNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase - taken with leucovorin to increase its effects
52
5-fluorouracil side effects
mode of admin causes different effects: hand-foot syndrome, myelosuppression, acute cerebellar dysfunction
53
topoisomerase inhibitors drugs
irinotecan
54
topoisomerase inhibitors MOA
- alter supercoiling of double-stranded DNA - bind to topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II and limit the ability of DNA to repair itself resulting in cell death
55
irinotecan
inactive compound that after intake is metabolized into an active drug
56
irinotecan toxicities
- due to SN-38 - diarrhea (dose limiting), severe nausea and vomiting
57
anthracyclines drugs
doxorubicin
58
anthracyclines
topoisomerase II inhibitor
59
doxorubicin toxicities
myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, local tissue necrosis
60
plant alkaloid drugs
vincristine
61
vincristine
- antimitotic agent - active in M phase
62
vincristine side effects
peripheral neuropathy, syndrome of antidieretic hormone (SIADH), hyponatremia
63
taxane drugs
paclitaxel
64
paclitaxel
- antimitotic agent - interferes with G2 phase - arrests cells in mitosis
65
paclitaxel side effects
peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, arthralgia/myalgia
66
paclitaxel what to watch for PT
hypersensitivity reaction and anaphylaxis including pulmonary symptoms
67
BCR-ABL inhibitor drug
Imantinib
68
Imantinib MOA
inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in BCR-ABL (a mutation) positive cell lines
69
Imantinib toxicities
EVERYTHING watch for hepatoxicity and myelosuppression
70
monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs
Rituximab
71
Rituximab MOA
- directed against CD20 antigen on B-lymphocytes - treatment causes immediate and profound B-cell depletion
72
Rituximab toxicities
1st dose associated with cytokine release syndrome
73
SERM drugs (cancer)
Tamoxifen
74
SERMS MOA (cancer)
blocks effects of estrogen in breast tissue but acts like estrogen in uterus and bone
75
aromatase inhibitors drugs
Exemestane
76
aromatose inhibitors MOA
block growth of estrogen sensitive tumors by lowering estrogen levels
77
humanized mAB for HER2 drug
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
78
anti-androgen drugs (cancer)
abiraterone acetate
79
abiraterone acetate MOA
inhibits CYP17
80
nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug (cancer)
enzalutamide
81
EGFR kinase inhibtor drug
Erlotinib (Tarceva)
82
Erlotinib uses
for NSCLC can cause acne like rash
83
PD1 checkpoint inhibitor drug
Keytruda for NSCLC
84
mAb targeting VEGF drug
Avastin
85
estrogen (Premarin)
conjugate estrogen; used as estrogen replacement, antineoplastic, and prevention of osteoporosis
86
estrogen (Premarin) side effects
- Na and H2O retention (edema) - nausea and vomiting - very high levels may cause cardiomyopathy/MI, clotting, embolism, and thrombosis - may increase risk for endometrial cancer and breast cancer
87
SERMS (seth lecture)
Toxmoxifen and Raloxifene
88
Tomoxifen (seth) effects
anti estrogen on breast tissue and agonist on bone and vascular tissue
89
Raloxifene (seth) effects
anto estrogen on breast and uterus and agonist on bone and vascular tissue
90
nandrolene decanoate
- anabolic steroid - used in treatment of breast cancer, anemia, or wasting disorders - abused by athletes to increase muscle bulk, increase recovery time, and improve endurance
91
nandrolene decanoate side effects
decrease blood HDL/increase LDL, altered glucose metabolism, avascular necrosis of femoral head, aggression, testicular atrophy, infertility, masculinizing effects in women
92
common herbal meds used
chondroitin and glucosamine
93
lymphoma drugs
cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, rituximab
94
colorectal drugs
leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan
95
breast drugs
trastuzumab (Herceptin), tamoxifen, exemestane
96
prostate drugs
abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide
97
lung drugs
paclitaxel and erlotinib (Tarceva)
98
leukemia drugs
imantinib
99
multiple cancers drugs
avastin and keytruda

pharm (5 decks)

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