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pharm > final exam drugs to know > Flashcards

final exam drugs to know Flashcards

1
Q

celecobix, rofecoxib, valdeloxib

A

cox 2 inhibitors
NSAIDS

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2
Q

ketorolac (Toradol)

A

most potent and most efficacious used as an adjunct to opioids when given parenterally

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3
Q

aspirin

A

irreversibly binds platelet aggregation - used in low doses after MI/CVA

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4
Q

ibuprofen

A

first non-asprin NSAID

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5
Q

naproxen

A

similar to ibuprofen in pain relief and side effects

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6
Q

indomethacin

A

NSAID
- useful for RA, JRA, ankylosing spondy, gout, OA of hips, and HO
- high incidence of dose related side effects

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7
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID
more potent than motrin and naproxen, but not as efficacious as ketorolac

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8
Q

acetaminophen

A

non anti-inflammatory
toxic to liver

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9
Q

DMARD drugs (5) for RA

A

hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, penicillamine

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10
Q

Enbrel and Remicade

A

TNF alpha inhibitors
often taken with methotrexate

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11
Q

visco-supplementation for OA

A

hyaluronan, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate

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12
Q

muscle relaxants/anti-spasm meds

A

diazepam, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol

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13
Q

polysynaptic inhibitors

A

anti-spasm - genera CNS relaxants
cyclobenzaprine and methocarbamol

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14
Q

drug categories used for seizures

A

barbiturates, benzos, carboxylic acids, hydantoins, iminostilbenes, 2nd generation anti-epilepsy drugs

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15
Q

phenobarbital

A

barbiturate used for grand mal seizures

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16
Q

benzos for seizures

A

diazepam - status epilepticus
clonazepam - absence or petit mal

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17
Q

carboxylic acid drug

A

valporic acid for partial seizures in adults and children

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18
Q

hydantoins drugs for seizures

A

phenytoin - focal onset and tonic clonic seizures
phenacemide - treats seizures that dont respond to other meds

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19
Q

iminostilbenese drugs (tricyclic)

A

carbamazapine - good for focal seizures

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20
Q

second generation anti-epilepsy drugs

A

gabapentin - slightly milder side effects
topiramate

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21
Q

parkinsons meds

A

dopamine precursors, anticholinergics, dopamine stimulators

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22
Q

dopamine precursors

A

levadopa - severe n/v, orthostatic hypotension
sinemet - use with levadopa

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23
Q

anticholinergic parkinson drug

A

benztropine
used to treat rigidity and tremor

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24
Q

dopamine stimulators

A

bromocriptine - used with levadopa or when levadopa becomes ineffective
selegiline - inhibits enzyme MAOB

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25
Q

alzheimers meds

A

tacrine and donepezil
caution with patients with bradycardia, hypotension, and asthma

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26
Q

anti-depressant drug categories

A

tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs and SNRIs

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27
Q

amitriptyline

A

tricyclic antidepressant
blocks reuptake of amine NT into presynaptic membrane

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28
Q

SSRIs and SNRIs

A

fluoxetine (Prozac) - causes insomnia
setraline (Zoloft) - fewer side effects

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29
Q

sedative hypnotic drugs

A
  • benzos: alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium)
  • propranolol
  • busipirone (BuSpar) (Azapirone)
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30
Q

anti-psychotic drugs

A

traditional: haloperidol and chlorpromazine
2nd generation: clozapine and risperidone

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31
Q

neuro-stimulant drug

A

methylphenidate (ritalin)
blocks reuptake of NE and increases dopamine

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32
Q

pencillins target and drugs

A

target bacteria cells walls
amoxicillin, augmenten, imipenem, cilastatin, primaxin

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33
Q

cephalosporins

A
  • different class but similar to penicillins
  • Cefazolin
  • used for UTIs and propjylaxis post surgery
  • second line of defense if pencillin fails
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34
Q

polymixins and targets and drugs

A
  • target cell membrane inhibitors
  • vancomycin used for c-diff, staph, endocarditis
  • bacitracin used for STDs
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35
Q

bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

A
  • most bind to bacterial ribosomes
  • erythromycins: Azithromycin for ear and respiratory tract infections
  • tetracyclines: doxycycline for chlamydial and rickettsia and spirochetes
  • chlorampheinicol
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36
Q

bacterial RNA/DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

fluroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin used for UTIs

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37
Q

antiviral drugs

A

inhibit the DNA polymerase enzyme
- acyclovir: treats herpes
- zidovudine (Retrovir or AZT): treats AIDS
- saquinavir mesylate: treats AIDS
- Remdesivir: treats COVID

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38
Q

antifungals and antiprotozoals

A

amphotericin B
useful for Candida and Cryptococcus

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39
Q

alkylating agents drugs

A

Cyclophosphamide and Oxaliplatin

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40
Q

alkylating agents MOA

A
  • cytotoxicity results from directly damaging DNA
  • cause cell death through transfer of their alkyl groups to various cellular constituents
  • may cause inhibition of DNA replication and transcriptions, mispairing of DNA, or DNA strand breakage
  • work in all phases of cell cycle
41
Q

alkylating agents dose limiting effect

A

myelosuppression

42
Q

alkylating agents other side effects

A

nausea, vomiting, alopecia, infertility, leukemia

43
Q

cyclophosphamide

A
  • widely used nitrogen mustard agent
  • part of conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant
  • can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis
44
Q

oxaliplatin

A

platinum analog

45
Q

oxaliplatin side effects

A
  • neurologic complications - peripheral neuropathy
  • patients may benefit from calcium glutamate and magnesium sulphate given before and after administration
46
Q

antimetabolite drugs

A

methotrexate, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil

47
Q

antimetabolite MOA

A
  • exert damage by incorporating directly into DNA or RNA
  • compete for binding sites on enzymes
  • inhibit cell growth and proliferation in S phase of cell cycle
48
Q

methotrexate

A

results in deletion of folate

49
Q

methotrexate side effects

A
  • mucositis, acute renal failure, myelosuppression, GI toxicity, neurotoxicity
  • neurotoxicity may manifest as aseptic meningitis
50
Q

leucovorin

A
  • required with high dose methotrexate to limit toxicity to normal tissue
  • helps restore folate required for DNA/RNA synthesis
51
Q

5-fluorouracil

A
  • interferes with DNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase
  • taken with leucovorin to increase its effects
52
Q

5-fluorouracil side effects

A

mode of admin causes different effects: hand-foot syndrome, myelosuppression, acute cerebellar dysfunction

53
Q

topoisomerase inhibitors drugs

A

irinotecan

54
Q

topoisomerase inhibitors MOA

A
  • alter supercoiling of double-stranded DNA
  • bind to topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II and limit the ability of DNA to repair itself resulting in cell death
55
Q

irinotecan

A

inactive compound that after intake is metabolized into an active drug

56
Q

irinotecan toxicities

A
  • due to SN-38
  • diarrhea (dose limiting), severe nausea and vomiting
57
Q

anthracyclines drugs

A

doxorubicin

58
Q

anthracyclines

A

topoisomerase II inhibitor

59
Q

doxorubicin toxicities

A

myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, local tissue necrosis

60
Q

plant alkaloid drugs

A

vincristine

61
Q

vincristine

A
  • antimitotic agent
  • active in M phase
62
Q

vincristine side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy, syndrome of antidieretic hormone (SIADH), hyponatremia

63
Q

taxane drugs

A

paclitaxel

64
Q

paclitaxel

A
  • antimitotic agent
  • interferes with G2 phase
  • arrests cells in mitosis
65
Q

paclitaxel side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, arthralgia/myalgia

66
Q

paclitaxel what to watch for PT

A

hypersensitivity reaction and anaphylaxis including pulmonary symptoms

67
Q

BCR-ABL inhibitor drug

A

Imantinib

68
Q

Imantinib MOA

A

inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in BCR-ABL (a mutation) positive cell lines

69
Q

Imantinib toxicities

A

EVERYTHING
watch for hepatoxicity and myelosuppression

70
Q

monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs

A

Rituximab

71
Q

Rituximab MOA

A
  • directed against CD20 antigen on B-lymphocytes
  • treatment causes immediate and profound B-cell depletion
72
Q

Rituximab toxicities

A

1st dose associated with cytokine release syndrome

73
Q

SERM drugs (cancer)

A

Tamoxifen

74
Q

SERMS MOA (cancer)

A

blocks effects of estrogen in breast tissue but acts like estrogen in uterus and bone

75
Q

aromatase inhibitors drugs

A

Exemestane

76
Q

aromatose inhibitors MOA

A

block growth of estrogen sensitive tumors by lowering estrogen levels

77
Q

humanized mAB for HER2 drug

A

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

78
Q

anti-androgen drugs (cancer)

A

abiraterone acetate

79
Q

abiraterone acetate MOA

A

inhibits CYP17

80
Q

nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug (cancer)

A

enzalutamide

81
Q

EGFR kinase inhibtor drug

A

Erlotinib (Tarceva)

82
Q

Erlotinib uses

A

for NSCLC
can cause acne like rash

83
Q

PD1 checkpoint inhibitor drug

A

Keytruda
for NSCLC

84
Q

mAb targeting VEGF drug

A

Avastin

85
Q

estrogen (Premarin)

A

conjugate estrogen; used as estrogen replacement, antineoplastic, and prevention of osteoporosis

86
Q

estrogen (Premarin) side effects

A
  • Na and H2O retention (edema)
  • nausea and vomiting
  • very high levels may cause cardiomyopathy/MI, clotting, embolism, and thrombosis
  • may increase risk for endometrial cancer and breast cancer
87
Q

SERMS (seth lecture)

A

Toxmoxifen and Raloxifene

88
Q

Tomoxifen (seth) effects

A

anti estrogen on breast tissue and agonist on bone and vascular tissue

89
Q

Raloxifene (seth) effects

A

anto estrogen on breast and uterus and agonist on bone and vascular tissue

90
Q

nandrolene decanoate

A
  • anabolic steroid
  • used in treatment of breast cancer, anemia, or wasting disorders
  • abused by athletes to increase muscle bulk, increase recovery time, and improve endurance
91
Q

nandrolene decanoate side effects

A

decrease blood HDL/increase LDL, altered glucose metabolism, avascular necrosis of femoral head, aggression, testicular atrophy, infertility, masculinizing effects in women

92
Q

common herbal meds used

A

chondroitin and glucosamine

93
Q

lymphoma drugs

A

cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, rituximab

94
Q

colorectal drugs

A

leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan

95
Q

breast drugs

A

trastuzumab (Herceptin), tamoxifen, exemestane

96
Q

prostate drugs

A

abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide

97
Q

lung drugs

A

paclitaxel and erlotinib (Tarceva)

98
Q

leukemia drugs

A

imantinib

99
Q

multiple cancers drugs

A

avastin and keytruda

pharm (5 decks)

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