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Psychology 1010 > Final Exam Chapters 7-8 > Flashcards

Final Exam Chapters 7-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

poor memory of events that happened before brain injury

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2
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

poor memory of events that occur after brain injury

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3
Q

Explicit memory branches

A
  • procedural - skills, habits
  • priming - perceptual, conceptual
  • classical conditioning - association between stimuli
  • non associative - habituation sensation
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4
Q

Implicit memory branches

A
  • episodic - events
  • semantic - facts
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5
Q

Short term memory & working memory

A

A system we use to temporarily store, think about, & reason with information.

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6
Q

Explicit long term memory

A

Declarative

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7
Q

Implicit long term memory

A

Non-declarative

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8
Q

Episodic memory

A

Events - specific to personal experience
- iconic and echoic
- hippocampus is needed for connecting memories but later is no longer needed

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9
Q

Semantic memory

A

Facts - independent from personal experience
- medial temporal lobe

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10
Q

Procedural memory

A

Skills & habits - motor & cognition
-procedural memories are resistant to decay
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum

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11
Q

Perceptual representation

A

the brains ability to transform sensory stimuli into levels of perceptual experience

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12
Q

Encoding

A

Incoming information is processed prior to storage

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13
Q

Serial position effect

A

The ability to recall items from a list dependent on order ( beginning & end is easier to remember)
- primary effect - beginning
- recency effect - end

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14
Q

Shallow processing

A

Structure encoding

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15
Q

Deep processing

A

Semantic encoding - “what does this mean?”
- elaboration, visual imagery, self-relevant encoding

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16
Q

Intermediate processing

A

Phonemic

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17
Q

Network of association

A

Organized structure of knowledge and memories

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18
Q

Schemes/ schemas

A

Storage of information at a higher level (top-down) - cognitive structures in semantic memory that help to perceive, organize and understand memories

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19
Q

Scripts

A

describing a specific set of events that occur for an event

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20
Q

Free recall

A

Person is asked to recall information without explicit retrieval cues

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21
Q

Cued recall

A

Person is given explicit retrieval cues

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22
Q

Central executive

A
  • prefrontal cortex- includes input from thalamus and other cortical associated areas
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23
Q

Temporal sequences

A

What happened and what to do next

24
Q

Working memory

A

Attention, comparisons, problem solving, following conversations, organizing ongoing behavioural patterns

25
Q

Blocking

A

When people temporarily gave trouble retrieving the right word usually from an inference

26
Q

Short term memory

A

-A temporal memory that process m types of information
- often referred to as working memory
- without rehearsal is easily forgotten
- can hold limited info
-4-7 items at once

27
Q

Sensory memory

A

-Temporary memory related to a sensory stimulus
- short last impression on the nervous system
- iconic, echoic

28
Q

Long term memory

A
  • Can last a few minutes till forever
  • long duration & higher capacity
    -requires consolidation
29
Q

Long term potentiation

A

The process of changing neural connections by strengthening synaptic connections making the post-synaptic neutrons more easily activated

30
Q

Primacy effect

A

The memory for things at the beginning of the list

31
Q

Recency effect

A

The memory for the things at the end of a list

32
Q

Flash build memories

A

Vivid memories that enable you to remember circumstances on which lead to an emotional memory

33
Q

Reconsolidation

A

Memory dating or strengthening when recalling a memory again

34
Q

Context-dependent memory

A

When the recall situation on is similar to the encoded situation

35
Q

State-dependent memory

A

Memory can be enhanced by ones internal state

36
Q

Retrieval induced forgetting

A

When the retrieval of a long-term memory impairs the ability to recall a related item in the future

37
Q

Cryptoamnesia

A

When people come up with a new idea that is actually an old memory

38
Q

Analogical representation

A

Mental representations that have some physical resemblance of what they represent

39
Q

Symbolic representation

A

Mental representations that do not represent the physical features of the object

40
Q

Prototype model

A

Created by Elenor rosch -each category has a best representation

41
Q

Exemplar model

A

By media and Schaffer - all members of a category can represent the group

42
Q

Representative heuristics

A

The tendency to place a person or thing in a category if they are similar to the prototype

43
Q

Psychometric test

A

Measuring intelligence focuses on now people perform on a standardized test that assesses mental ability

44
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

The ability to understand abstract relationships and think logically without prior knowledge

45
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Involves knowledge that was previously gained through experience and using the knowledge to solve problems

46
Q

Cattell

A

Two types of intelligences

47
Q

Howard gardener

A

Multiple intelligences

48
Q

Robert sternberg

A

Triarchic intelligences - analytical (academic), creative (solve novel problems & practical(everday tasks)

49
Q

Syntax

A

How words are combined into phrases, phrases into sentences

50
Q

Semantics

A

The system of meaning underling words, phrases, sentences

51
Q

Morphemes

A

The smallest unit that have meaning including suffixes and prefixes

52
Q

Phonemes

A

Basic sounds of speech

53
Q

Brocas area

A

Speech production

54
Q

Brocas aphasia

A

Inability to produce language

55
Q

Wernickes area

A

Speech comprehension

56
Q

Wernickes aphasia

A

Cannot comprehend language

Psychology 1010 (4 decks)

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